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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (04) : 321 -330. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2026.04.005

流行与趋势

1994—2023年中国结直肠癌疾病年龄-时期-队列效应及危险因素归因分析——基于GBD 2023研究
高韶华1, 徐涛2, 宋亮3, 雷丽3, 王洪伟4, 刘宏新5,()   
  1. 1 110001 沈阳,中国医科大学第一医院
    2 163453 黑龙江省大庆市龙南医院消化内科
    3 150036 哈尔滨,黑龙江省中医药科学院康复科
    4 150001 哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院普外科
    5 150001 哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院检验科
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-28 出版日期:2026-08-25
  • 通信作者: 刘宏新

Age-period-cohort effects and risk factor attribution analysis of colorectal cancer in China, 1994—2023: a study based on GBD 2023

Shaohua Gao1, Tao Xu2, Liang Song3, Li Lei3, Hongwei Wang4, Hongxin Liu5,()   

  1. 1 The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
    2 Department of Gastroenterology, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing 163453, China
    3 Department of Rehabilitation, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Harbin 150036, China
    4 Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
    5 Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
  • Received:2026-06-28 Published:2026-08-25
  • Corresponding author: Hongxin Liu
引用本文:

高韶华, 徐涛, 宋亮, 雷丽, 王洪伟, 刘宏新. 1994—2023年中国结直肠癌疾病年龄-时期-队列效应及危险因素归因分析——基于GBD 2023研究[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2026, 15(04): 321-330.

Shaohua Gao, Tao Xu, Liang Song, Li Lei, Hongwei Wang, Hongxin Liu. Age-period-cohort effects and risk factor attribution analysis of colorectal cancer in China, 1994—2023: a study based on GBD 2023[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 15(04): 321-330.

目的

本研究分析1994—2023年中国结直肠癌发病和死亡的长期趋势,并分析年龄、时期和队列对结直肠癌发病和死亡风险的影响。计算主要危险因素所致的伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)及死亡负担的时间轨迹,为我国结直肠癌防治策略提供依据。

方法

基于全球疾病负担研究2023(GBD 2023)数据库分析1994—2023年中国结直肠癌发病和死亡数据,运用Joinpoint回归模型估算标化率的年度变化百分比(APC)与平均年度变化百分比(AAPC);运用年龄-时期-队列模型分析年龄、时期和队列效应对发病和死亡风险的影响;分析主要危险因素所致的归因死亡率与DALYs变化。

结果

1994—2023年,中国结直肠癌发病例数和死亡例数均呈升高趋势。发病例数由21.38万升至61.14万,死亡例数由14.91万升至25.75万。Joinpoint回归结果显示,年龄标化发病率呈上升趋势(AAPC=0.75%,95%CI:0.44%~0.93%,P<0.05);年龄标化死亡率则呈下降趋势(AAPC=−1.24%,95%CI:−1.58%~−1.06%,P<0.05)。年龄-时期-队列模型结果显示,发病和死亡风险均随年龄升高而升高;发病的时期效应整体变动幅度较小,死亡的时期效应则呈现持续下降。发病队列效应存在性别差异,死亡队列效应总体呈下降趋势。归因负担结果显示,膳食因素与高空腹血糖仍为权重较高的可干预危险因素,高身体质量指数及加工肉摄入过量的归因负担较1994年有所加重;男性在行为和代谢相关风险上的归因负担始终高于女性。

结论

1994—2023年,中国结直肠癌发病和死亡例数均呈升高趋势,年龄标化发病率呈升高趋势,而年龄标化死亡率呈下降趋势。发病和死亡风险随年龄升高而升高,男性及中老年群体需纳入优先干预范围。加强膳食结构、体重管理及代谢异常干预,有助于缓解当前结直肠癌负担进一步加重。

Objective

This study leveraged long-term data on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality from 1994 to 2023 to quantify the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on both disease risk measures. It further estimated the temporal trajectories of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality attributable to major risk factors, with the aim of identifying priority intervention nodes for current prevention and control strategies.

Methods

Data on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in China from 1994 to 2023 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) database. Case counts, death counts, crude rates, and age-standardized rates were compiled. For trend analysis, Joinpoint regression models were applied to estimate the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) to evaluate temporal dynamics in age-standardized rates. Additionally, age-period-cohort models were fitted to estimate the respective effects of age, period, and birth cohort on incidence and mortality risks. On this basis, changes in attributable mortality and DALYs due to major risk factors were quantified.

Results

From 1994 to 2023, both the number of new cases and deaths from colorectal cancer in China showed an increasing trend. New cases rose from 213 800 to 611 400, and deaths increased from 149 100 to 257 500. Joinpoint regression results showed that the age-standardized incidence rate was on the rise (AAPC=0.75%, 95%CI: 0.44%~0.93%, P<0.05), while the age-standardized mortality rate was declining (AAPC=−1.24%, 95%CI: −1.58%~−1.06%, P<0.05). The age-period-cohort model indicated that both incidence and mortality risk increased with age. The period effect for incidence showed relatively small overall changes, while the period effect for mortality continued to decline. There were gender differences in the cohort effect on incidence, whereas the cohort effect on mortality generally showed a downward trend. Attributional burden results revealed that dietary factors and high fasting blood glucose remained important modifiable risk factors. The burden related to high BMI and excessive processed meat intake increased compared to 1994, and men consistently had higher attributional burdens related to behavioral and metabolic risks than women.

Conclusion

From 1994 to 2023, both the number of colorectal cancer cases and deaths in China have shown an upward trend. The age-standardized incidence rate has been rising, while the age-standardized mortality rate has been declining. The risk of getting sick and dying increases with age, so men and middle-aged to older adults should be prioritized for interventions. Improving diet, managing weight, and addressing metabolic issues can help ease the growing burden of colorectal cancer.

表1 1994与2023年中国结直肠癌发病与死亡情况(95%UI
表2 1994—2023年中国不同性别结直肠癌年龄标化发病率变化趋势的Joinpoint回归分析
表3 1994—2023年中国不同性别结直肠癌年龄标化死亡率变化趋势的Joinpoint回归分析
表4 中国结直肠癌发病和死亡年龄-时期-队列模型Wald检验结果
图1 1994—2023年中国结直肠癌年龄效应结果。1A:发病年龄效应;1B:死亡年龄效应
图2 1994—2023年中国结直肠癌时期效应结果。2A:发病时期效应;2B:死亡时期效应
图3 1994—2023年中国结直肠癌队列效应结果。3A:发病队列效应;3B:死亡队列效应。注:实线表示率的估计值,阴影区域表示95%不确定区间(95%UI);数据来源为GBD 2023
图4 1994年与2023年中国结直肠癌相关风险因素年龄标化归因死亡率和DALYs率比较。4A表示年龄标化归因死亡率,4B表示年龄标化归因DALYs率。注:数据来源为GBD 2023。各风险因素为GBD比较风险评估框架下的独立归因估计值;不同风险因素之间可能存在暴露重叠及中介关系,不能简单相加
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