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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (03) : 209 -214. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2026.03.003

论著

错配修复蛋白在早发性结直肠癌中的表达及意义
王浩1, 辛才进1, 崔静2,3, 傅鹤鑫3, 朱长仁3, 汪刘华1,2,3,4,5,()   
  1. 1 225001 徐州医科大学扬州临床学院
    2 225001 扬州大学附属苏北人民医院胃肠中心
    3 225001 扬州大学医学院
    4 225001 扬州大学-扬州市普通外科研究所
    5 225001 扬州市消化病/代谢病基础与临床转化重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-28 出版日期:2026-06-25
  • 通信作者: 汪刘华

Expression and significance of mismatch repair proteins in early-onset colorectal cancer

Hao Wang1, Caijin Xin1, Jing Cui2,3, Hexin Fu3, Changren Zhu3, Liuhua Wang1,2,3,4,5,()   

  1. 1 The Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yangzhou 225001, China
    2 Gastrointestinal Center, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
    3 Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
    4 General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
    5 Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China
  • Received:2026-02-28 Published:2026-06-25
  • Corresponding author: Liuhua Wang
引用本文:

王浩, 辛才进, 崔静, 傅鹤鑫, 朱长仁, 汪刘华. 错配修复蛋白在早发性结直肠癌中的表达及意义[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2026, 15(03): 209-214.

Hao Wang, Caijin Xin, Jing Cui, Hexin Fu, Changren Zhu, Liuhua Wang. Expression and significance of mismatch repair proteins in early-onset colorectal cancer[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 15(03): 209-214.

目的

探讨错配修复(MMR)蛋白在早发性结直肠癌(EO-CRC)中的表达情况,及其与临床病理参数和预后的相关性。

方法

回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年9月苏北人民医院胃肠中心441例结直肠癌手术患者的临床资料,按年龄阶段分为EO-CRC组(<50岁,63例)和晚发性结直肠癌(LO-CRC)组(≥50岁,378例)。采用免疫组织化学(IHC)法检测两组MMR蛋白表达,分为缺陷型(dMMR)和完整型(pMMR),通过卡方检验、秩和检验分析MMR蛋白表达与临床病理特征的关联,Kaplan-Meier法结合Log-rank检验分析EO-CRC患者MMR状态与预后的关系。

结果

441例患者中dMMR发生率为16.8%(74/441),其中EO-CRC组dMMR占比26.98%(17/63),LO-CRC组dMMR占比15.08%(57/378),差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.896,P=0.027)。EO-CRC组低分化率(20.63%,χ2=7.519,P=0.023)、CA19-9升高率(15.87%,χ2=5.982,P=0.014)、神经侵犯率(22.22%,χ2=6.024,P=0.014)均明显高于LO-CRC组,差异有统计学意义。EO-CRC亚组分析表明:dMMR组右半结肠肿块占比(58.82%,χ2=8.324,P=0.015)和T1+T2期占比(64.71%,χ2=4.328,P=0.038)均明显高于pMMR组;dMMR组的脉管侵犯率明显低于pMMR组(11.76%,χ2=3.982,P=0.046),差异有统计学意义;随访生存数据显示,EO-CRC中dMMR组总体生存率高于pMMR组(Log-rank:χ2=4.513,P=0.034)。

结论

dMMR在EO-CRC中发生率高于LO-CRC,且与右半结肠发生、较早肿瘤分期、较低脉管侵犯率及较好总体生存率相关。MMR状态不仅是EO-CRC的重要生物学标志物,也是预后评估的重要指标。

Objective

To investigate the expression of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 441 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery at the Gastrointestinal Center of Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital from January 2017 to September 2019. The patients were divided into the EO-CRC group (age<50 years, 63 cases) and the late-onset colorectal cancer (LO-CRC) group (age≥50 years, 378 cases). The expression of MMR proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and classified as deficient (dMMR) or proficient (pMMR). The association between MMR protein expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed using the chi-square test and rank sum test. The relationship between MMR status and prognosis in EO-CRC patients was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method combined with the Log-rank test.

Results

The incidence of dMMR was 16.8% (74/441) among the 441 patients. Among them, the proportion of dMMR in the EO-CRC group was 26.98% (17/63), and that in the LO-CRC group was 15.08% (57/378). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.896, P=0.027). The low differentiation rate (20.63%, χ2=7.519, P=0.023), the increase rate of CA19-9 (15.87%, χ2=5.982, P=0.014), and the nerve invasion rate (22.22%, χ2=6.024, P=0.014) in the EO-CRC group were significantly higher than those in the LO-CRC group. The difference was statistically significant. Subgroup analysis of EO-CRC showed that the proportion of right hemicolon masses in the dMMR group (58.82%, χ2=8.324, P=0.015) and the proportion of T1+T2 stage (64.71%, χ2=4.328, P=0.038) were significantly higher than those in the pMMR group. The vascular invasion rate in the dMMR group (11.76%, χ2=3.982, P=0.046) was significantly lower than that in the pMMR group, and the difference was statistically significant. The follow-up survival data showed that the overall survival rate of the EO-CRC group and the dMMR group was higher than that of the pMMR group (Log-rank χ2=4.513, P=0.034).

Conclusion

The incidence of dMMR in EO-CRC is higher than that in LO-CRC, and it is associated with right-sided colon occurrence, earlier tumor stage, lower rate of vascular invasion, and better overall survival rate. MMR status is not only an important biological marker for EO-CRC but also a significant indicator for prognosis assessment.

图1 pMMR免疫组化结果(×200)。1A:MLH1(+);1B:MSH2(+);1C:MSH6(+);1D:PMS2(+)
图2 dMMR免疫组化结果(×200)。2A:MLH1(−);2B:MSH2(−);2C:MSH6(−);2D:PMS2(−)
表1 EO-CRC组与LO-CRC组MMR蛋白表达情况与临床病理特征比较[例(%)]
临床病理特征 EO-CRC组(n=63) LO-CRC组(n=378) χ2 P
性别 1.983 0.159
男性 34(53.97) 241(63.76)
女性 29(46.03) 137(36.24)
发病部位 0.987 0.610
左半结肠 18(28.57) 89(23.55)
右半结肠 16(25.40) 102(26.98)
直肠 29(46.03) 187(49.47)
肿瘤大小(cm) 0.398 0.528
<5 34(53.97) 220(58.20)
≥5 29(46.03) 158(41.80)
组织分型 1.684 0.210
黏液腺癌 6(9.52) 21(5.56)
非黏液腺癌 57(90.48) 357(94.44)
大体分型 1.872 0.172
隆起型 27(42.86) 130(34.40)
溃疡型 36(57.14) 248(65.60)
分化程度 7.519 0.023
4(6.35) 80(21.16)
46(73.02) 255(67.46)
13(20.63) 43(11.38)
pT分期 1.361 0.244
T1+T2 28(44.44) 198(52.38)
T3+T4 35(55.56) 180(47.62)
淋巴结转移 1.628 0.202
32(50.79) 226(59.79)
31(49.21) 152(40.21)
远处转移 0.151 0.698
3(4.76) 11(2.91)
60(95.24) 367(97.09)
CEA 2.345 0.126
升高 21(33.33) 91(24.07)
正常 42(66.67) 287(75.93)
CA19-9 5.982 0.014
升高 10(15.87) 25(6.61)
正常 53(84.13) 353(93.39)
神经侵犯 6.024 0.014
14(22.22) 42(11.11)
49(77.78) 336(88.89)
脉管侵犯 0.823 0.364
18(28.57) 129(34.13)
45(71.43) 249(65.87)
MMR表达 4.896 0.027
dMMR 17(26.98) 57(15.08)
pMMR 46(73.02) 321(84.92)
P53 1.140 0.286
阳性 41(65.08) 271(71.69)
阴性 22(34.92) 107(28.31)
表2 EO-CRC中MMR蛋白表达与临床病理特征的相关性[例(%)]
图3 EO-CRC患者MMR蛋白表达与预后的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线
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