描述2024年中国结直肠癌发病和死亡估计值及癌谱顺位，并与2022年全国估计值进行总体、性别和城乡分层的描述性比较。

采用基于公开汇总资料的描述性二次分析，提取国家癌症中心发布的2024年和2022年全国模型估计资料。主要指标包括新发病例数、死亡病例数、粗发病率、粗死亡率，采用2000年中国标准人口计算的发病中标率和死亡中标率及以Segi世界标准人口计算的发病世标率和死亡世标率；以2022年公开点估计为参照计算绝对差和相对差，不进行统计学假设检验。

2024年中国结直肠癌新发病例和死亡病例估计为56.18万例和25.57万例，较2022年点估计分别高4.47万例（8.64%）和1.57万例（6.54%）。粗发病率和粗死亡率分别高3.35/10万（9.15%）和1.20/10万（7.06%）；发病中标率和发病世标率分别高0.59/10万（2.91%）和0.55/10万（2.74%），死亡中标率低0.01/10万（−0.12%），死亡世标率相同。总体发病顺位由第二位变为第三位，死亡顺位由第四位变为第三位。男性多数指标的数值差大于女性；2024年农村粗发病率和粗死亡率高于城市，而城市中标率和世标率均高于农村。

2024年我国结直肠癌发病数、死亡数和粗率的公开点估计均高于2022年，年龄标化率的数值差较小，且性别和城乡呈现分层差异。防控评价应同时监测绝对负担、粗率、年龄标化率及癌谱顺位，并强化危险因素控制以及筛查、诊断、治疗和随访的全流程衔接。

To describe the 2024 national estimates of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality and their rankings among all cancers in China, and to compare them descriptively with the 2022 estimates overall and by sex and urban-rural residence.

A descriptive secondary analysis of publicly available aggregate data was conducted using national model-based estimates released by the National Cancer Center. The main indicators included numbers of new cases and deaths, crude incidence and mortality rates, age-standardized incidence and mortality rates using the 2000 Chinese standard population (age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese population & age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese population), and those using the Segi world standard population (age-standardized incidence rates by world population & age-standardized mortality rates by world population). Absolute and relative differences were calculated using the published 2022 point estimates as the reference; no hypothesis testing was performed.

In 2024, the estimated numbers of new colorectal cancer cases and deaths were 561 800 and 255 700, respectively, which were numerically higher than the 2022 point estimates by 44 700 (8.64%) and 15 700 (6.54%). Crude incidence and mortality rates were higher by 3.35 per 100 000 (9.15%) and 1.20 per 100 000 (7.06%), respectively. Age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese population & age-standardized incidence rates by world population were higher by 0.59 per 100 000 (2.91%) and 0.55 per 100 000 (2.74%), whereas age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese population was lower by 0.01 per 100 000 (−0.12%) and age-standardized mortality rates by World population was unchanged. The overall incidence rank changed from second to third, while the mortality rank changed from fourth to third. Numerical differences for most indicators were greater in men than in women. In 2024, rural areas had higher crude rates, whereas urban areas had higher Chinese- and world-standardized rates.

The 2024 point estimates of case counts, deaths, and crude rates were higher than the corresponding 2022 estimates, whereas differences in age-standardized rates were small. Evaluation of colorectal cancer control should jointly consider absolute burden, crude rates, age-standardized rates, and rankings among all cancers. Risk-factor control should be strengthened, together with continuity across screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.