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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (03) : 224 -231. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2026.03.005

论著

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和结直肠癌幸存者全因死亡的关联研究:基于NHANES 1999—2018数据的分析
贾宇飞1, 王哲学2, 王飞1, 蔡昂书3,(), 姚占胜1,()   
  1. 1 044000 运城市中心医院结直肠肛门外科
    2 100021 北京,国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院结直肠外科
    3 100021 北京,国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院内镜科
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-25 出版日期:2026-06-25
  • 通信作者: 蔡昂书, 姚占胜

Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with all-cause mortality in colorectal cancer survivors: a population-based cohort study from NHANES 1999—2018

Yufei Jia1, Zhexue Wang2, Fei Wang1, Angshu Cai3,(), Zhansheng Yao1,()   

  1. 1 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng 044000, China
    2 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beijing 100021, China
    3 Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
  • Received:2026-02-25 Published:2026-06-25
  • Corresponding author: Angshu Cai, Zhansheng Yao
引用本文:

贾宇飞, 王哲学, 王飞, 蔡昂书, 姚占胜. 中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和结直肠癌幸存者全因死亡的关联研究:基于NHANES 1999—2018数据的分析[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2026, 15(03): 224-231.

Yufei Jia, Zhexue Wang, Fei Wang, Angshu Cai, Zhansheng Yao. Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with all-cause mortality in colorectal cancer survivors: a population-based cohort study from NHANES 1999—2018[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 15(03): 224-231.

目的

基于美国国家健康与营养调查(NHANES)数据,系统评估结直肠癌幸存者外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和远期全因死亡的关联,为临床预后评估提供依据。

方法

本研究提取1999年至2018年NHANES数据,纳入了267例确诊为结直肠癌的成年参与者。通过外周血细胞计数计算NLR,链接国家死亡索引获取生存数据,随访截止至2019年12月31日,主要研究终点为全因死亡。研究校正了包括年龄、性别、种族、教育程度、贫困收入比(PIR)、身体质量指数(BMI)、糖尿病及高血压在内的多项协变量,以分析NLR与结直肠癌患者预后之间的关联。

结果

以NLR作为连续变量分析显示,在未校正的粗模型中,NLR每增加1个单位,全因死亡风险增加31%(HR=1.31,95%CI:1.15~1.49,P<0.001)。引入年龄、性别和种族(模型1)进行调整后,HR为1.27(95%CI:1.13~1.43,P<0.001);进一步调整教育水平和PIR后(模型2),HR为1.30(95%CI:1.14~1.48,P<0.001)。在完全调整模型(模型3)中继续纳入BMI、高血压和糖尿病,HR为1.30(95%CI:1.40~1.48,P<0.001)。

结论

NLR升高与结直肠癌幸存者全因死亡风险增加独立相关。NLR作为一种简便、低成本的炎症标志物,可用于识别高危患者,指导结直肠癌幸存者的长期健康管理与监测策略。

Objective

To systematically evaluate the association between peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and long-term all-cause mortality in colorectal cancer survivors using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), providing evidence for clinical prognosis assessment.

Methods

This study utilized data from the NHANES spanning 1999 to 2018. A total of 267 adult participants diagnosed with colorectal cancer were included. NLR was calculated based on peripheral blood cell counts. Survival data were obtained by linking to the national death index (NDI), with follow-up extending through December 31, 2019. The primary endpoint was defined as all-cause mortality. Multiple covariates, including age, sex, race, education level, poverty income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and hypertension, were adjusted to evaluate the association between NLR and the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.

Results

When NLR was analyzed as a continuous variable, in the unadjusted crude model, each 1-unit increase in NLR was associated with a 31% increase in all-cause mortality risk (HR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.15~1.49, P<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, and race (Model 1), the HR was 1.27 (95%CI: 1.13~1.43, P<0.001). After further adjustment for education level and PIR (Model 2), the HR was 1.30 (95%CI: 1.14~1.48, P<0.001). In the fully adjusted model (Model 3) including BMI, hypertension, and diabetes, the HR was 1.30 (95%CI: 1.40~1.48, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Elevated NLR is independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in colorectal cancer survivors. As a simple and low-cost inflammatory marker, NLR may aid in identifying high-risk patients and guiding long-term health management and surveillance strategies for colorectal cancer survivors.

图1 筛选流程图
表1 结直肠癌患者的基线资料[例(%),MQ1Q3)]
特征 幸存组加权(n=496 914)
未加权(n=138)
死亡组加权(n=360 123)
未加权(n=129)
检验值 P
性别 χ2=0.00 0.972
女性 268 023(53.94) 193 129(53.63)
男性 228 891(46.06) 166 994(46.37)
年龄(岁) 66(58,73) 79(71,80) Z=7.47 <0.001
PIR 2.82(1.45,4.66) 2.56(1.27,4.04) Z=-1.03 0.308
种族 χ2=1.40 0.252
非西班牙裔黑人 41 877(8.43) 26 075(7.24)
非西班牙裔白人 405 483(81.60) 315 475(87.60)
其他 49 554(9.97) 18 573(5.16)
教育水平 χ2=8.44 0.006
高中及以上 419 764(84.47) 247 586(68.75)
高中以下 77 149(15.53) 112 538(31.25)
白细胞计数(103/μL) 6.40(5.20,7.80) 7.00(5.50,8.50) Z=1.35 0.184
淋巴细胞计数(103/μL) 1.70(1.40,2.20) 1.60(1.20,2.20) Z=-1.58 0.122
单核细胞计数(103/μL) 0.50(0.40,0.60) 0.60(0.40,0.80) Z=1.97 0.055
中性粒细胞计数(103/μL) 3.70(2.90,4.90) 4.20(3.10,5.50) Z=1.81 0.076
NLR 2.06(1.63,2.53) 2.50(1.79,3.57) Z=2.75 0.009
身高(cm) 169(161,176) 165(157,174) Z=-1.22 0.228
体重(kg) 83(67,102) 73(64,86) Z=-1.88 0.067
BMI(kg/m2 28(25,33) 27(25,32) Z=-1.36 0.180
高血压病 χ2=1.47 0.232
202 953(40.84) 115 576(32.09)
293 960(59.16) 244 547(67.91)
糖尿病 χ2=0.14 0.707
126 225(25.40) 81 903(22.74)
370 688(74.60) 278 221(77.26)
随访时间(月) 92(51,133) 69(41,113) Z=-2.16 0.036
表2 NLR与结直肠癌患者全因死亡风险的关联
图2 RCS剂量-反应关系图
图3 Kaplan-Meier生存曲线
表3 NLR与结直肠癌患者全因死亡风险的亚组分析
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