性肿瘤已成为人类健康的主要杀手。我国结直肠癌患者数量逐年上升，老年患者居多，营养不良及贫血发生率高，但常被临床医师忽视，尚缺乏系统、规范的治疗。结直肠外科住院患者入院后24～48h内应进行营养风险筛查与评估，围手术期合理肠外肠内营养支持治疗，特别是术后早期肠内营养，能够促进结直肠手术患者的术后康复，减少并发症及节省医疗费用，使结直肠手术患者获益。对于缺铁性贫血患者，围手术期提倡补铁治疗，有利于保护患者免疫功能和康复，减少输血及相关并发症，有利于结直肠肿瘤患者手术、康复及预后。

Malignant tumors have become a major killer of human health.The incidence of colorectal cancer increased year by year in China, especially in elderly patients with malnutrition and high incidence of anemia.But these situations are often neglected by clinicians and requiring the systemic treating standard.Nutritional risk screening and assessment for colorectal surgery patients should be carried out within 24-48 hours after admitted.The patients could benefit from better recovery after colorectal surgery, furthermore, they could suffer less complications and save more costs from reasonable perioperative parenteral and enteral nutrition support, especially from early postoperative enteral nutrition.Perioperative iron supplement is advocated for patients with iron deficiency anemia.It helps in protecting the patient's immune function, as well as reducing the risk of blood transfusion and related complications.Systemic perioperative nutritional support will benefit the colorectal cancer patients in surgical recovery, rehabilitation and prognosis.