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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (05) : 419 -426. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2026.05.005

论著

术前阴道准备时长对结直肠癌经阴道取标本术后短期结局的影响
徐正, 张岳阳, 高畅远, 张若愚, 王哲学, 商济桓, 陈海鹏, 梁建伟, 郑朝旭, 刘骞, 王锡山†(), 周海涛†()   
  1. 100021 北京,国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院结直肠外科
  • 收稿日期:2026-10-07 出版日期:2026-10-25
  • 通信作者: 王锡山, 周海涛

Comparison of vaginal preparation durations before transvaginal specimen extraction for colorectal cancer

Zheng Xu, Yueyang Zhang, Changyuan Gao, Ruoyu Zhang, Zhexue Wang, Jihuan Shang, Haipeng Chen, Jianwei Liang, Zhaoxu Zheng, Qian Liu, Xishan Wang†(), Haitao Zhou†()   

  1. Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
  • Received:2026-10-07 Published:2026-10-25
  • Corresponding author: Xishan Wang, Haitao Zhou
引用本文:

徐正, 张岳阳, 高畅远, 张若愚, 王哲学, 商济桓, 陈海鹏, 梁建伟, 郑朝旭, 刘骞, 王锡山, 周海涛. 术前阴道准备时长对结直肠癌经阴道取标本术后短期结局的影响[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2026, 15(05): 419-426.

Zheng Xu, Yueyang Zhang, Changyuan Gao, Ruoyu Zhang, Zhexue Wang, Jihuan Shang, Haipeng Chen, Jianwei Liang, Zhaoxu Zheng, Qian Liu, Xishan Wang, Haitao Zhou. Comparison of vaginal preparation durations before transvaginal specimen extraction for colorectal cancer[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 15(05): 419-426.

目的

比较术前1天单次阴道准备(1天组)与术前第三、二、一天每日阴道准备(3天组)对结直肠癌经阴道取标本手术短期结局的影响。

方法

本探索性回顾性队列纳入2020至2025年于中国医学科学院肿瘤医院行结直肠癌经阴道取标本的125例患者,其中1天组53例、3天组72例。两组手术当日阴道消毒及围手术期管理相同,比较两组术前资料、术中及病理指标、术后恢复和30天并发症的差异。

结果

1天组与3天组在手术时间(141.0 min vs. 134.5 min,U=1 788.5,P=0.552)、淋巴结检出数(24.0枚vs. 24.0枚,U=1 818.0,P=0.654)、术后首次排气时间(2 d vs. 2 d,U=1 898.0,P=0.954)及术后住院时间(6 d vs. 6 d,U=1 855.0,P=0.783)方面差异均无统计学意义。两组感染相关并发症[5/53例(9.4%)vs. 7/72例(9.7%),P=1.000]、早期发热[7/53例(13.2%)vs. 9/72例(12.5%),P=1.000]及阴道相关并发症[1/53例(1.9%)vs. 0/72例(0.0%),P=0.424]差异均无统计学意义。感染相关并发症的绝对风险差(1天组减3天组)为−0.29个百分点(95%CI:−10.76~11.60个百分点),OR为0.97(95%CI:0.23~3.79)。

结论

本单中心探索性队列未观察到术前1天与3天阴道准备的手术过程、病理质量、术后恢复及短期感染结局未见统计学差异。在规范手术操作与围手术期管理的前提下,术前1天阴道准备可作为简化结直肠癌经阴道取标本手术前流程的选择,但还需要前瞻性研究进一步验证。

Objective

To compare the effects of a single vaginal preparation on the day before surgery (1-day group) and daily vaginal preparation on days 3, 2, and 1 before surgery (3-day group) on short-term outcomes of colorectal cancer surgery with transvaginal specimen extraction.

Methods

This exploratory retrospective cohort included 125 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery with transvaginal specimen extraction at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from 2020 to 2025 were retrospectively included, comprising 53 patients in the 1-day group and 72 in the 3-day group. Vaginal antisepsis on the day of surgery and perioperative management were identical in the two groups. Preoperative characteristics, intraoperative and pathological indicators, postoperative recovery, and complications within 30 days were compared.

Results

No statistically significant differences were found between the 1-day and 3-day groups in operative time (141.0 vs. 134.5 min, U=1 788.5, P=0.552), lymph-node yield (24.0 vs. 24.0 nodes, U=1 818.0, P=0.654), time to first postoperative flatus (2 vs. 2 days, U=1 898.0, P=0.954), or postoperative hospital stay (6 vs. 6 days, U=1 855.0, P=0.783). Infection-related complications occurred in 5/53 (9.4%) vs. 7/72 (9.7%) patients (P=1.000), early fever in 7/53 (13.2%) vs. 9/72 (12.5%) patients (P=1.000), and vaginal complications in 1/53 (1.9%) vs. 0/72 (0.0%) patients (P=0.424); none of these comparisons showed a statistically significant difference. The absolute risk difference for infection-related complications (1-day minus 3-day group) was −0.29 percentage points (95% CI: −10.76~11.60), and the odds ratio was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.23~3.79).

Conclusion

No statistically significant differences were observed between 1-day and 3-day vaginal preparation in operative measures, pathological quality, postoperative recovery, or short-term infectious outcomes. With standardized surgical procedures and perioperative management, vaginal preparation on the day before surgery may be considered as an option to simplify the preoperative pathway for colorectal cancer surgery with transvaginal specimen extraction.

表1 两组患者术前资料比较[例(%),M(Q1,Q3)]
指标 1天组(n=53) 3天组(n=72) U值 P值
年龄(岁) 65(57,69) 65(61,70) 1 707.0 0.316a
BMI(kg/m2) 23.8(22.2,25.7) 23.2(21.3,25.0) 1 651.5 0.201a
ASA分级 - 1.000c
Ⅰ级 3(5.7) 5(6.9)
Ⅱ级 43(81.1) 58(80.6)
Ⅲ级 7(13.2) 9(12.5)
高血压 15(28.3) 22(30.6) - 0.844b
糖尿病 6(11.3) 10(13.9) - 0.789b
慢性阻塞性肺疾病 4(7.5) 3(4.2) - 0.456b
腹部手术史 4(7.5) 8(11.1) - 0.556b
盆腔手术史 0(0.0) 3(4.2) - 0.261b
新辅助治疗 2(3.8) 4(5.6) - 1.000b
手术年份 2024(2023,2025) 2024(2022,2025) 1 793.5 0.557a
肿瘤部位 - 1.000c
右半结肠 34(64.2) 46(63.9)
左半结肠(不含乙状结肠) 4(7.5) 5(6.9)
乙状结肠 8(15.1) 10(13.9)
直肠 7(13.2) 11(15.3)
术前肿瘤最大径(cm) 4.3(3.5,5.4) 4.4(3.6,5.2) 1 901.5 0.976a
右半结肠 5.2(4.5,5.5) 5.1(4.3,5.4)
左半结肠(不含乙状结肠) 3.7(3.7,3.8) 4.8(4.0,4.9)
乙状结肠 3.0(2.2,3.4) 3.3(3.1,3.7)
直肠 3.3(2.7,3.5) 2.7(2.6,3.4)
治疗前临床T分期 - 0.402c
cT1 9(17.0) 12(16.7)
cT2 19(35.8) 18(25.0)
cT3 25(47.2) 42(58.3)
术前血红蛋白(g/L) 115(111,125) 116(109,123) 1 857.5 0.803a
术前白蛋白(g/L) 37.6(35.8,39.0) 37.0(35.5,38.6) 1 633.5 0.171a
术前白细胞(×109/L) 5.8(5.3,6.9) 6.0(5.0,6.5) 1 809.5 0.624a
术前CRP(mg/L) 3.1(2.4,3.7) 3.0(2.5,4.2) 1 854.5 0.791a
表2 两组患者术中情况、病理质量及术后恢复比较[例(%),M(Q1,Q3)]
指标 1天组(n=53) 3天组(n=72) U值 P值
手术时间(min) 141.0(121.0,156.0) 134.5(121.5,149.2) 1 788.5 0.552a
右半结肠 147.5(137.0,162.8) 145.0(131.2,153.5)
左半结肠(不含乙状结肠) 156.5(147.8,160.2) 149.0(125.0,151.0)
乙状结肠 102.0(95.5,118.2) 126.0(120.5,130.0)
直肠 94.0(86.0,112.5) 99.0(93.0,112.5)
术中出血量(mL) 30.0(25.0,45.0) 30.0(25.0,40.0) 1 861.5 0.817a
标本取出时间(min) 11.0(10.0,13.0) 11.0(9.0,13.0) 1 865.5 0.832a
阴道切口长度(cm) 3.9(3.7,4.1) 3.9(3.6,4.1) 1 748.0 0.424a
展开标本最大横径(cm) 5.9(5.0,6.9) 6.0(4.9,6.9) 1 883.0 0.903a
检出淋巴结(枚) 24.0(19.0,27.0) 24.0(20.0,26.0) 1 818.0 0.654a
右半结肠 25.5(23.0,27.0) 25.0(23.0,27.0)
左半结肠(不含乙状结肠) 29.0(27.2,30.0) 25.0(23.0,26.0)
乙状结肠 15.0(11.0,19.0) 18.5(15.0,21.8)
直肠 17.0(15.5,18.5) 17.0(15.0,17.5)
检出淋巴结≥12枚 50(94.3) 70(97.2) - 0.650b
病理T分期 - 0.645c
pT1/ypT1 11(20.8) 13(18.1)
pT2/ypT2 20(37.7) 23(31.9)
pT3/ypT3 22(41.5) 36(50.0)
病理N分期 - 0.385c
pN0/ypN0 37(69.8) 47(65.3)
pN1/ypN1 15(28.3) 19(26.4)
pN2/ypN2 1(1.9) 6(8.3)
术后恢复(天)
术后首次排气时间 2(2,3) 2(2,3) 1 898.0 0.954a
术后首次进流食时间 3(3,3) 3(3,3) 1 771.0 0.387a
术后首次排便时间 3(3,4) 4(3,4) 1 753.0 0.383a
POD1 VAS疼痛评分 2.0(1.0,3.0) 2.0(1.0,3.0) 1 807.0 0.596a
POD3 VAS疼痛评分 1.0(1.0,2.0) 1.0(1.0,2.0) 1 840.5 0.715a
术后住院时间(天) 6(6,7) 6(6,7) 1 855.0 0.783a
POD1白细胞(×109/L) 10.2(9.5,11.4) 10.7(9.4,11.7) 1 727.5 0.368a
POD3白细胞(×109/L) 7.6(6.8,8.8) 7.8(6.7,8.6) 1 902.5 0.980a
POD1 CRP(mg/L) 44.8(38.8,53.5) 46.5(34.6,57.7) 1 891.5 0.936a
POD3 CRP(mg/L) 52.9(39.7,60.3) 45.0(33.7,58.2) 1 575.5 0.097a
表3 两组患者术后并发症比较[例(%)]
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