结肠镜辅助结肠肿瘤经自然腔道取标本手术（CA-NOSES）是在腹腔镜或机器人结肠肿瘤根治性切除及体内消化道重建基础上，借助结肠镜将切除标本经结肠腔道完整经肛门取出的微创手术方式，是对现有NOSES技术体系的重要补充。为规范该术式的临床应用，由中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专业委员会、中国抗癌协会NOSES专业委员会及中国NOSES联盟组织国内相关领域专家，在系统查阅国内外文献并结合我国临床实践经验的基础上，经充分讨论形成一致意见，制定本专家共识。《共识》围绕CA-NOSES的定义与技术特点、手术适应证与禁忌证、术前评估与肠道准备、器械与体位选择、标准化手术操作流程、并发症防治以及肿瘤学效果等关键问题进行了系统阐述。现有证据表明，在严格掌握适应证并遵循无菌、无瘤原则的前提下，CA-NOSES具有创伤小、恢复快和美容效果佳等优势，其安全性和肿瘤学效果不劣于传统腹腔镜辅助小切口的结肠肿瘤手术。本共识旨在为CA-NOSES的规范化开展提供可操作的技术指导和理论依据，并为后续多中心临床研究奠定基础。

Colonoscopy-assisted natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (CA-NOSES) is a minimally invasive surgical approach in which the resected specimen is completely extracted through the colonic lumen and anus with the assistance of colonoscopy, following laparoscopic or robotic radical resection of colon tumors and intracorporeal digestive tract reconstruction. It represents an important extension of the existing natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) system. To standardize the clinical application of this technique, Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the NOSES Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, and the China NOSES Alliance organized experts from relevant fields nationwide. Based on a systematic review of the domestic and international literature and in conjunction with accumulated clinical experience in China, consensus was achieved through extensive discussion, leading to the formulation of this expert consensus. This document systematically addresses key aspects of CA-NOSES, including its definition and technical characteristics, indications and contraindications, preoperative evaluation and bowel preparation, equipment selection and patient positioning, standardized operative procedures, prevention and management of complications, as well as oncological outcomes. Current evidence indicates that, when indications are strictly adhered to and aseptic and oncological principles are rigorously followed, CA-NOSES offers advantages such as reduced surgical trauma, faster postoperative recovery, and improved cosmetic outcomes. Its safety and oncological efficacy are not inferior to those of conventional laparoscopic-assisted colectomy with mini-laparotomy for specimen extraction in colon tumor surgery. This consensus aims to provide practical technical guidance and a theoretical basis for the standardized implementation of CA-NOSES and to lay a foundation for future multicenter clinical studies.