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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (05) : 410 -418. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2026.05.004

论著

NOSES与传统腹腔镜手术治疗左半结肠癌和直肠癌的围手术期及长期肿瘤学结局比较:基于倾向评分匹配研究
赵晨野, 王嘉浩, 高媛媛, 董泽鹏, 胡世博, 牟明超, 李小鹏, 余钧辉, 孙学军†(), 郑见宝†()   
  1. 710061 西安交通大学医学部第一附属医院普通外科
  • 收稿日期:2026-09-29 出版日期:2026-10-25
  • 通信作者: 孙学军, 郑见宝
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划项目(2025SF-YBXM-357); 西安交通大学医学事业发展基金(XJYG2025-SFJJ025)

Long-term oncological and perioperative outcomes of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery versus conventional laparoscopic surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer: a propensity score-matched study

Chenye Zhao, Jiahao Wang, Yuanyuan Gao, Zepeng Dong, Shibo Hu, Mingchao Mu, Xiaopeng Li, Junhui Yu, Xuejun Sun†(), Jianbao Zheng†()   

  1. Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
  • Received:2026-09-29 Published:2026-10-25
  • Corresponding author: Xuejun Sun, Jianbao Zheng
引用本文:

赵晨野, 王嘉浩, 高媛媛, 董泽鹏, 胡世博, 牟明超, 李小鹏, 余钧辉, 孙学军, 郑见宝. NOSES与传统腹腔镜手术治疗左半结肠癌和直肠癌的围手术期及长期肿瘤学结局比较:基于倾向评分匹配研究[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2026, 15(05): 410-418.

Chenye Zhao, Jiahao Wang, Yuanyuan Gao, Zepeng Dong, Shibo Hu, Mingchao Mu, Xiaopeng Li, Junhui Yu, Xuejun Sun, Jianbao Zheng. Long-term oncological and perioperative outcomes of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery versus conventional laparoscopic surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer: a propensity score-matched study[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 15(05): 410-418.

目的

比较经自然腔道取标本手术(NOSES)与传统腹腔镜辅助手术(CLAS)治疗左半结肠癌和直肠癌的围手术期结局及长期肿瘤学结局,评价NOSES的临床应用价值及长期肿瘤学安全性。

方法

采用回顾性队列研究,纳入2017年1月至2021年12月接受NOSES或CLAS治疗的左半结肠癌和直肠癌患者,使用倾向性评分匹配(PSM)进行1∶1匹配,最终NOSES组和CLAS组各纳入48例患者。比较两组患者围手术期相关指标、术后恢复情况、术后疼痛及美容满意度、术后并发症、病理学结果及长期肿瘤学结局,使用Kaplan-Meier法分析两组患者无病生存期(DFS)及总生存期(OS)情况。

结果

NOSES未延长手术时间,术中出血量较少。NOSES组术后恢复更快,术后疼痛及美容满意度均显著改善。两组术后并发症、感染率及关键病理学结果差异均无统计学意义。中位随访60个月期间,CLAS组8例、NOSES组3例发生复发(P=0.109);5年无病生存率分别为83.3%和93.7%(P=0.114)。

结论

NOSES是左半结肠癌和直肠癌传统腹腔镜手术的一种可行替代方式,可改善术后恢复及美观效果,且可能具有长期肿瘤学安全性,但仍需通过前瞻性、大样本、多中心临床研究进一步验证。

Objective

To compare the perioperative and long-term oncological outcomes of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) and conventional laparoscopic-assisted surgery (CLAS) for left-sided colorectal cancer.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included patients with left-sided colorectal cancer who underwent NOSES or CLAS between January 2017 and December 2021. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed at a 1:1 ratio, with 48 patients in each group. Perioperative outcomes, postoperative recovery, complications, pathological outcomes, and long-term oncological outcomes were compared. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

NOSES was associated with less intraoperative blood loss and faster postoperative recovery, as well as reduced postoperative pain and improved cosmetic satisfaction. No significant differences were observed in postoperative complications, infection rates, or main pathological outcomes. During a median follow-up of 60 months, recurrence occurred in 3 patients in the NOSES group and 8 in the CLAS group (P=0.109). The 5-year DFS rates were 93.7% and 83.3%, respectively (P=0.114).

Conclusion

NOSES is a feasible alternative to conventional laparoscopic surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer, offering improved postoperative recovery and cosmetic outcomes without an apparent adverse impact on long-term oncological outcomes. However, further validation in prospective, large-scale, multicenter clinical studies is warranted.

图1 患者筛选流程图
表1 CLAS组与NOSES组基线资料比较[
±s例(%)]
PSM前(n=350) PSM后(n=96)
CLAS(n=297) NOSES(n=53) t/χ2值 P值 CLAS(n=48) NOSES(n=48) t/χ2值 P值
年龄(岁) 62.4±12.0 61.2±11.3 0.708 0.480 62.6±13.2 60.6±11.0 0.788 0.433
性别 3.346 0.067 0.376 0.539
男性 180(60.6) 25(47.2) 21(43.8) 24(50.0)
女性 117(39.4) 28(52.8) 27(56.3) 24(50.0)
BMI(kg/m2) 23.1±3.1 22.4±3.0 1.609 0.109 22.6±3.2 22.6±2.9 0.324 0.986
ASA分级 3.326 0.190 0.845 0.655
Ⅰ 6(2.0) 3(5.7) 4(8.3) 3(6.3)
Ⅱ 220(74.1) 41(77.4) 33(68.8) 37(77.1)
Ⅲ 71(23.9) 9(17.0) 11(22.9) 8(16.7)
腹部手术史 0.200 0.655 0.515 0.473
有 70(23.6) 14(26.4) 10(20.8) 13(27.1)
无 227(76.4) 39(73.6) 38(79.2) 35(72.9)
肿瘤位置 1.173 0.556 NA 0.867
降结肠和脾曲 11(3.7) 1(1.9) 2(4.2) 1(2.1)
乙状结肠 72(24.2) 16(30.2) 15(31.3) 14(29.2)
直肠 214(72.1) 36(67.9) 31(64.6) 33(68.8)
距肛缘距离(cm) 13.8±10.6 15.5±8.3 −1.156 0.249 14.0±10.1 15.3±8.1 −0.690 0.492
新辅助治疗 4.003 0.045 NA 1.000
是 40(13.5) 2(3.8) 2(4.2) 2(4.2)
否 257(86.5) 51(96.2) 46(95.8) 46(95.8)
cT分期 28.491 <0.001 2.481 0.289
T1 37(12.5) 22(41.5) 12(25.0) 19(39.6)
T2 70(23.6) 12(22.6) 12(25.0) 11(22.9)
T3 190(64.0) 19(35.8) 24(50.0) 18(37.5)
肿瘤最大径(cm) 3.8±1.7 3.1±1.7 2.625 0.009 3.1±1.4 3.2±1.6 −0.259 0.796
糖尿病 34(11.4) 8(15.1) 0.566 0.452 9(18.8) 7(14.6) 0.300 0.584
基础病数量 NA 0.763 NA 0.253
0 169(56.9) 27(50.9) 21(43.8) 27(56.3)
1 88(29.6) 20(37.7) 15(31.3) 16(33.3)
2 26(8.8) 4(7.5) 7(14.6) 4(8.3)
3 13(4.4) 2(3.8) 5(10.4) 1(2.1)
4 1(0.3) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
表2 CLAS组与NOSES组术中及术后结局[例(%)]
CLAS(n=48) NOSES(n=48) t/Z/χ2值 P值
手术时间(min) 180(155,243) 190(150,220) −0.521 0.603
出血量(mL) 100(50,200) 50(50,100) −2.217 0.027
术中输血例数 1(2.1) 2(4.2) NA 1.000
心电监护时间[M(Q1,Q3),d] 2(1,3) 1(1,1) −4.187 <0.001
首次排气时间[M(Q1,Q3),h] 67(58,86) 54(43,68) −2.963 0.003
首次流食时间[M(Q1,Q3),h] 92(65,132) 71(51,91) −2.739 0.006
需要额外镇痛例数 17(35.4) 10(20.8) 2.525 0.112
术后第一天疼痛评分[M(Q1,Q3)] 6(6,7) 5(5,6) −3.601 <0.001
术后第三天疼痛评分[M(Q1,Q3)] 4(4,5) 3(2,3) −6.497 <0.001
抗生素使用时间[M(Q1,Q3),d] 2.0(1.3,3.0) 2(1.3,3.0) −0.158 0.874
住院时间[M(Q1,Q3),d] 9(8,11) 7(6,8) −4.284 <0.001
手术并发症例数 NA 0.716
无 38(79.2) 39(81.3)
Clavien-Dindo Ⅰ~Ⅱ级 7(14.6) 8(16.7)
Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ~Ⅳ级 3(6.3) 1(2.1)
术中损伤例数 2(4.2) 0(0.0) NA 0.495
吻合口漏 2(4.2) 0(0.0) NA 0.495
吻合口出血 0(0.0) 1(2.1) NA 1.000
术后腹腔感染 2(4.2) 0(0.0) NA 0.495
伤口感染 3(6.3) 0(0.0) NA 0.242
尿潴留 5(10.4) 5(10.4) 0.000 1.000
尿路感染 0(0.0) 2(4.2) NA 0.495
肺部感染 1(2.1) 1(2.1) NA 1.000
肠梗阻 3(6.3) 6(12.5) NA 0.486
切口疝 0(0.0) 0(0.0)
肛门功能Wexner评分 NA 0.778
0 44(91.7) 42(87.50)
1~9 3(6.3) 4(8.3)
10~20 1(2.1) 2(4.2)
美容评分(
±s)
6.7±1.0 7.8±1.0 −5.075 <0.001
术后放疗 9(18.8) 9(18.8) 0.000 1.000
术后化疗 19(39.6) 17(35.4) 0.178 0.673
图2 CLAS组和NOSES组术后第一天和第三天采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)进行疼痛评估(n=48每组,***表示P<0.001)
图3 结直肠癌外科术后3个月腹部图像。3A:开放手术组;3B:CLAS组;3C:NOSES组
表3 CLAS组与NOSES组病理形态学资料(
±s)
图4 CLAS组和NOSES组主要费用项目及住院总费用分析。4A:手术耗材费用;4B:药品费用;4C:住院总费用
图5 CLAS组和NOSES组长期肿瘤学结局的Kaplan-Meier分析。5A:无病生存期(DFS);5B:总生存期(OS)
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