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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (04) : 392 -398. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2021.04.010

论著

基于盆腔基线MRI的直肠癌治疗前生存风险预测
赵青1, 张红梅1,()   
  1. 1. 100021 北京,国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院影像诊断科
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-23 出版日期:2021-08-30
  • 通信作者: 张红梅
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81971589)

Pretreatment outcome prediction of rectal cancer based on baseline pelvic MRI

Qing Zhao1, Hongmei Zhang1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
  • Received:2021-07-23 Published:2021-08-30
  • Corresponding author: Hongmei Zhang
引用本文:

赵青, 张红梅. 基于盆腔基线MRI的直肠癌治疗前生存风险预测[J]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2021, 10(04): 392-398.

Qing Zhao, Hongmei Zhang. Pretreatment outcome prediction of rectal cancer based on baseline pelvic MRI[J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2021, 10(04): 392-398.

目的

基于盆腔基线MRI特征探索T3期局部进展直肠癌(LARC)患者的生存预后危险因素。

方法

回顾157例于2008~2012年期间在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院接受新辅助放化疗及根治性手术治疗且符合条件的T3期LARC患者的临床资料及盆腔基线MRI图像。由两名肿瘤影像医师独立双盲评估MRI特征并达成一致意见,随访并记录患者无进展生存期(PFS)。基于患者的盆腔基线MRI特征及生存信息,使用SPSS软件进行Kaplan-Meier(K-M)曲线及Cox回归分析。

结果

患者的男女比例约为2∶1,平均年龄(55±12)岁。中位随访时间为6.6(3.5~9.8)年。K-M曲线分析中,除了年龄和性别,所有评价的盆腔基线MRI特征都与PFS相关。Cox回归显示盆腔基线MRI诊断的肿瘤T3亚分期(HR=7.36,P<0.001),EMVI分级(HR=2.72,P<0.001)及黏液腺癌亚型(HR=2.36,P=0.024)是影响T3期LARC患者PFS的独立危险因素。

结论

盆腔基线MRI可独立预测T3期LARC患者的生存风险,精准报告可促进个体化治疗,改善患者预后。

Objective

To expror pretreatment prognostic factors in patients of MR-defined T3 stage locally advanced rectal cancer (mrT3-LARC) on the basis of baseline pelvic MRI, in order to promote indivadulized therapy and improve patient outcomes.

Methods

The clinical data of 157 patients of mrT3-LARC who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and radical surgery in our hospital from 2008 to 2012 were retrospectivly rereviewed, and their follow-up information were recorded as progression-free survival (PFS). Baseline pelvic MRI features were evaluated independently by two experienced radiologists and consensus was reached. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curve and Cox analysis were performed using SPSS software.

Results

The ratio of male to female was about 2∶1, and the average age was (55±12) years. The median follow-up period was 6.6 (3.5~9.8) years. In K-M analysis, all the MRI features showed an effect on PFS, while age and sex did not. In Cox analysis, T3 substage (HR=7.36, P<0.001), EMVI grade (HR=2.72, P<0.001) and mucinous adenocarcinoma subtype (HR=2.36, P=0.024) as assessed by baseline MRI were proved to be independent risk factors for PFS in patients with mrT3-LARC.

Conclusion

Baseline pelvic MRI can independently predict survival risk in patients with mrT3- LARC, and accurate reporting can promote individualized treatment and improve patient outcomes.

表1 盆腔MR扫描序列及参数
表2 MRI征象及评价标准
MRI征象 评价标准
肿瘤位置9 矢状位T2加权图像选取显示肿瘤最长径层面,从肿瘤隆起的最头端测量起至肛缘水平止,<5 cm为下段直肠癌,5 cm~10 cm为中段直肠癌,>10 cm为上段直肠癌
最长径 矢状位T2加权图像选取显示肿瘤头尾长度最大的层面测量
最大厚度 斜轴位高分辨T2加权图像选取显示肿瘤横截面积最大层面测量
最大环周比 斜轴位高分辨T2加权图像选取显示肿瘤占肠壁环周比例最大层面测量
T3亚分期9 斜轴位高分辨T2加权图像从肿瘤所在部位的肠壁固有肌层外缘起至肿瘤向外延伸最远端止,测量肿瘤壁外浸润深度(EMD):T3a(EMD<5 mm),T3b(EMD,5~10 mm),T3c(EMD>10 mm)
EMVI分级9

0级:肿瘤在肌层延伸形态呈非结节状,肿瘤浸润区附近无血管结构

1级:肿瘤有极少的壁外条索或结节状延伸,但并不在血管结构附近

2级:壁外血管周围可见条状肿瘤组织,但血管管腔直径正常,并且在血管内没有明确的肿瘤信号

3级:壁外血管内可见类似肿瘤的信号、血管轮廓和管径略扩张

4级:壁外血管轮廓明显不规则,或在血管管腔内出现明确的肿瘤信号且呈结节状扩张

MRF受累9 斜轴位高分辨T2加权图像测量肿瘤、(或)癌结节、(或)转移淋巴结、(或)受侵的壁外血管最外缘与直肠系膜筋膜的最短垂直距离:≤1 mm为受累
黏液腺癌亚型10 黏液成分在T2加权图像表现为高于盆腔脂肪组织的高信号,若黏液成分占据肿瘤总体积超过50%,则诊断为黏液腺癌亚型
淋巴结转移11, 12 淋巴结短径>8 mm,(或)T2加权图像呈类似肿瘤的不均匀稍高信号,(或)形态边缘不规整
图1 T3c期黏液腺癌,EMVI 4级,MRF(+)。箭头指示肠壁外静脉血管结节状增粗,分别在斜轴位高分辨T2加权图像(图1A)表现为不均匀稍高信号,弥散加权图像(图1B)表现为高信号,T1加权增强扫描静脉期图像(图1C)表现血管内充盈缺损,提示肠壁外血管受肿瘤侵犯,EMVI 4级。图1A箭号提示肿瘤向前外侵累及MRF,表现为MRF凹陷、形态中断。图2 T3b 期非黏液腺癌,EMVI 3 级,MRF(-)。箭头指示肠壁外静脉血管僵硬、光滑增粗,斜轴位高分辨T2 加权图像(图2A)呈中高信号,T1 加权增强扫描静脉期图像(图2B)可见血管内充盈缺损,提示肠壁外血管受肿瘤侵犯,EMVI 3 级。EMVI:壁外静脉血管侵犯,MRF:直肠系膜筋膜
表3 基于临床信息及MR影像特征的Kaplan-Meier生存分析
图3 K-M曲线。T3亚分期(3A)、EMVI分级(3B)及黏液腺癌亚型(3C)对PFS影响的K-M曲线,HR分别为13.06,2.88和6.05,P值均小于0.001。EMVI:壁外静脉血管侵犯,PFS:无进展生存期
表4 Cox多元回归生存分析
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