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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (02) : 149 -157. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2021.02.007

所属专题: 经典病例 文献

论著

肿瘤大小对3 114例Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者预后的影响
李宪哲1, 熊志中2, 谢明颢3, 殷实3, 陈华显3, 张冯祥3, 靳龙洋3, 兰平1, 练磊1,()   
  1. 1. 510655 广州,中山大学附属第六医院结直肠外科;510655 广州,广东省结直肠盆底疾病研究重点实验室/广东省胃肠病学研究所
    2. 510655 广州,广东省结直肠盆底疾病研究重点实验室/广东省胃肠病学研究所
    3. 510655 广州,中山大学附属第六医院结直肠外科
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-27 出版日期:2021-04-25
  • 通信作者: 练磊
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81770557,82070684); 广东省自然科学基金杰出青年项目(2020B151502067)

Prognostic value of tumor size in 3 114 patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer

Xianzhe Li1, Zhizhong Xiong2, Minghao Xie3, Shi Yin3, Huaxian Chen3, Fengxiang Zhang3, Longyang Jin3, Ping Lan1, Lei Lian1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
    2. Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
    3. Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
  • Received:2021-01-27 Published:2021-04-25
  • Corresponding author: Lei Lian
引用本文:

李宪哲, 熊志中, 谢明颢, 殷实, 陈华显, 张冯祥, 靳龙洋, 兰平, 练磊. 肿瘤大小对3 114例Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者预后的影响[J]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2021, 10(02): 149-157.

Xianzhe Li, Zhizhong Xiong, Minghao Xie, Shi Yin, Huaxian Chen, Fengxiang Zhang, Longyang Jin, Ping Lan, Lei Lian. Prognostic value of tumor size in 3 114 patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer[J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2021, 10(02): 149-157.

目的

探讨肿瘤大小对Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者预后的影响,并分析其临床应用价值。

方法

回顾性分析2007年10月至2020年3月在中山大学附属第六医院收治的Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者的临床病理资料。根据现有指南报道的高危因素,将患者分为高危和低危两组。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,log-rank检验比较患者生存差异,并通过单、多因素Cox回归分析确定影响Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者预后的独立危险因素。基于多因素分析结果,构建列线图预测模型。

结果

共有3 114例患者被纳入分析,其中高危组患者1 149例和低危组患者1 965例。仅在低危组患者的生存分析中,发现肿瘤≤5 cm比肿瘤>5 cm的患者的5年无病生存率更低(83.1% vs. 89.8%),两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.004,P=0.014)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,肿瘤≤5 cm、年龄>60岁、CEA>5 ng/mL、CA125>35 U/mL及合并术后并发症是影响低危组患者预后的独立危险因素。基于以上五种独立预后因素构建低危组患者的列线图预后预测模型。通过一致性指数(0.631)、受试者工作特征曲线下面积(1年为0.796,3年为0.760和5年为0.654)和校准曲线(与标准曲线拟合较好)对模型进行评估,显示模型预测的准确性较好。

结论

肿瘤大小是Ⅱ期低危结直肠癌患者的独立预后因素,而与Ⅱ期高危结直肠癌患者的预后无关。本研究构建的列线图预测模型可较准确地预测Ⅱ期低危结直肠癌患者的1年、3年、5年无病生存率。

Objective

To identify the prognostic and clinical application values of tumor size in patients with stage II colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

The clinicopathological characteristics of patients with stage II CRC treated in the Sixth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 2007 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups in terms of the high-risk factors reported in guidelines. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves, and log-rank test was used to compare survival differences. The independent risk factors affected the prognosis of patients with stage II CRC were determined through univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses. Based on the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, a nomogram was constructed.

Results

A total of 3 114 patients were included in the study, including 1 149 patients in the high-risk group and 1 965 patients in the low-risk group. Only in the low-risk group, relative to the patients with a tumor size > 5 cm, the patients with a tumor size ≤ 5 cm had significantly poorer 5-year disease-free survival rate (DFS) (83.1% vs. 89.8%, χ2=6.004,P=0.014). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that tumor size ≤ 5 cm, age > 60 years, CEA > 5 ng/mL, CA125 > 35 U/mL and postoperative complications were independent prognostic risk factors for patients in the low-risk group. Based on the above five factors, a nomogram for low-risk group was constructed. The model was evaluated by concordance index (0.663), areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.796 for 1-year, 0.760 for 3-year and 0.654 for 5-year) and calibration curves fitted well with reference line, which showed the model had good performance.

Conclusions

Tumor size is an independent prognostic factor for patients with stage II low-risk CRC, but not for patients with stage II high-risk colorectal cancer. The nomogram constructed in the study can accurately predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates of patients with stage II low-risk CRC.

图1 研究流程图
表1 3 114例Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者的临床病理特征[例(%)]
风险因素 所有患者 肿瘤≤5 cm 肿瘤>5 cm χ2 P
(n=3 114) (n=2 228) (n=886)
年龄(岁) 1.933 0.164

≤60

1 303(41.8) 915(41.1) 388(43.8)

>60

1 811(58.2) 1 313(58.9) 498(56.2)
性别 12.761 0.023

1 916(61.5) 1 343(60.3) 573(64.7)

1 198(38.5) 885(39.7) 313(35.3)
BMI(kg/m2 11.94 <0.001

<25

2 390(76.8) 1 672(75.0) 718(81.0)

≥25

724(23.2) 556(25.0) 168(19.0)
肿瘤位置 3.192 0.074

结肠

2 055(66) 1 449(65) 606(68.4)

直肠

1 059(34) 779(35) 280(31.6)
术前肠梗阻 0.661 0.416

2 496(80.2) 1 794(80.5) 702(79.2)

618(19.8) 434(19.5) 184(20.8)
CEA(ng/mL) 8.177 0.004

≤5

1 981(63.6) 1 452(65.2) 529(59.7)

>5

1 133(36.4) 776(34.8) 357(40.3)
CA19-9(U/mL) 0.561 0.454

≤37

2 759(88.6) 1 980(88.9) 779(87.9)

>37

355(11.4) 248(11.1) 107(12.1)
CA125(U/mL) 3.044 0.081

≤35

2 900(93.1) 2 086(93.6) 814(91.9)

>35

214(6.9) 142(6.4) 72(8.1)
病理类型 5.067 0.079

膨出型

1 114(35.8) 770(34.6) 344(38.8)

浸润型

60(1.9) 43(1.9) 17(1.9)

溃疡型

1 940(62.3) 1 415(63.5) 525(59.3)
T分期 0.286 0.593

T3

3 037(97.5) 2 175(97.6) 862(97.3)

T4

77(2.5) 53(2.4) 24(2.7)
分化程度# 4.958 0.189

未分化

15(0.4) 11(0.5) 4(0.4)

低分化

1 619(5.2) 126(5.7) 35(4.0)

中分化

2 136(68.6) 1 531(68.7) 605(68.3)

高分化

802(25.8) 560(25.1) 242(27.3)
血管淋巴管浸润 2.736 0.098

2 909(93.4) 2 071(93.0) 838(94.6)

205(6.6) 157(7.0) 48(5.4)
标本检出淋巴结数(个) 1.689 0.194

<12

148(4.8) 115(5.2) 33(3.7)

≥12

2 966(95.2) 2 113(94.8) 853(96.3)
术后化疗 0.003 0.956

2 090(67.1) 1 496(67.1) 594(67.0)

1 024(32.9) 732(32.9) 292(33.0)
术后并发症 0.627 0.428

2 893(92.9) 2 075(93.1) 818 (92.3)

221(7.1) 153 (6.9) 68 (7.7)
图2 生存曲线分析。2A:所有Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者生存曲线的比较;2B:Ⅱ期低危组结直肠癌患者生存曲线的比较;2C:Ⅱ期高危组结直肠癌患者生存曲线的比较
表2 Ⅱ期低危结直肠癌患者单因素Cox回归分析结果
表3 Ⅱ期低危结直肠癌患者多因素Cox回归分析结果
表4 Ⅱ期高危结直肠癌患者单因素Cox回归分析结果
表5 Ⅱ期高危结直肠癌患者多因素Cox回归分析结果
图3 Ⅱ期低危结直肠癌患者预后的列线图模型构建与评估。3A:根据五项临床病理指标构建列线图,每个指标可通过对应标尺得到单项评分,相加后得到总评分,进而可预测患者的1年、3年和5年无病生存率;3B:通过1年,3年和5年无病生存率的ROC曲线下面积评估模型的预测准确性;3C:1年,3年和5年无病生存率校准曲线
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