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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (02) : 166 -173. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2025.02.009

综述

慢性便秘肠道菌群与植物源性多糖的研究进展
余昌佳1, 张怡婷1, 张高乐2, 李晨光1,()   
  1. 1. 130000 长春,吉林大学第一医院普通外科中心结直肠肛门外科
    2. 130117,长春中医药大学药学院
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-11 出版日期:2025-04-25
  • 通信作者: 李晨光
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省青年成长科技项目(No. 20240602096RC)

Research progress of gut microbiome and ploysaccharids in chronic constipation

Changjia Yu1, Yiting Zhang1, Gaole Zhang2, Chenguang Li1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Colorectal and Anorectal Surgery,General Surgery Center,First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130000,China
    2. Department of Pharmaceutical,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun 130117,China
  • Received:2024-11-11 Published:2025-04-25
  • Corresponding author: Chenguang Li
引用本文:

余昌佳, 张怡婷, 张高乐, 李晨光. 慢性便秘肠道菌群与植物源性多糖的研究进展[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2025, 14(02): 166-173.

Changjia Yu, Yiting Zhang, Gaole Zhang, Chenguang Li. Research progress of gut microbiome and ploysaccharids in chronic constipation[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 14(02): 166-173.

慢性便秘作为一种全球性消化系统功能性疾病,其发病率在全球呈上升趋势,并以排便困难、排便频率减少、便质干燥坚硬和肛门直肠堵塞感为主要特征,严重影响患者生活质量与心理健康。其中,肠道菌群的失衡已逐渐成为慢性便秘的危险因素。而植物源性多糖因其低毒性、抗炎和免疫调节特性,展示出其在调节肠道菌群和治疗便秘方面的潜力。本文综述了肠道菌群失调与慢性便秘之间的关系,并探讨了植物源性多糖在调节肠道菌群、改善肠道功能及便秘症状中的作用机制。旨在为肠道菌群和植物源性多糖在便秘治疗中的进一步研究提供参考。

Chronic constipation,as a global functional disease of the digestive system,is on the rise globally,and is characterized by difficulty in defecation,decreased frequency of defecation,dry and hard stools,and anorectal blockage,which seriously affects patients' quality of life and psychological health.Among them,the imbalance of intestinal flora has gradually become a risk factor for chronic constipation.Plant-derived polysaccharides,however,have shown their potential in regulating intestinal flora and treating constipation due to their low toxicity,anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This paper reviews the relationship between intestinal flora dysbiosis and chronic constipation,and explores the mechanism of action of plant-derived polysaccharides in regulating intestinal flora,improving intestinal function and constipation symptoms. It aims to provide reference for further research on intestinal flora and plant-derived polysaccharides in the treatment of constipation.

表1 不同种类有益菌对便秘的影响
表2 不同植物来源的多糖的结构特征
表3 不同植物来源多糖调节肠道菌群
名称 来源 升高 降低 作用机制 参考文献
双歧杆菌 改善肠道屏障功能、增加胰岛素敏感性并降低甘油三酯改善血脂水平 [67]
乳酸菌
菊粉型果聚糖(ITF) 普拉粪杆菌 梭菌属
瘤胃球菌
拟杆菌门
膳食菊粉(INU) 菊苣根 拟杆菌门 脱硫弧菌属 增加粪便重量和含水量、改善抑郁和焦虑样行为障碍 [68]
双歧杆菌属变形菌门 Muribacalum
Melaminabacteria
菊花多糖 菊花 乳杆菌属 毛螺菌科 增加肠道稳态、促进肠蠕动 [69]
龙包茨氏菌属 罗斯拜瑞氏菌属
罗斯拜瑞氏菌属 梭菌纲
桔梗多糖(PGP) 桔梗 丁酸单胞菌属 乳酸菌 调节胃肠道蠕动,增加粪便含水量、提高胃排空率和肠道转运率 [70]
瘤胃梭菌属 肠球菌
西洋参多糖 西洋参 梭状芽胞杆菌、双歧杆菌和毛螺菌科 埃希氏志贺氏菌消化球菌科 刺激肠中的CD4+T 细胞和IgA 分泌细胞调节免疫,增加绒毛高度(VH)/ 隐窝深度(CD)比值、粘蛋白表达面积、杯状细胞数量和紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1、occludin)的表达 [71]
榴莲果皮多糖 榴莲果皮 毛螺菌科 脱硫弧菌 增加肠道传输率、胃动素、胃泌素、P 物质水平和短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)浓度,降低生长抑素水平 [72]
O- 乙酰化木聚糖 竹屑 罗斯拜瑞氏菌属、拟杆菌、乳杆菌 异普雷沃菌属、葡萄球菌 缩短排便时间,提高胃肠道(GI)通过率、粪便产量和盲肠短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的浓度、调节肠道激素和神经递质的血清水平 [73]
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