我国结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率在逐年升高，严重威胁人民群众的健康，亟待采取行之有效并且适合我国国情的结直肠癌筛查策略，从而降低结直肠癌的疾病负担。目前面临的突出问题是，我国人群结直肠癌筛查项目覆盖尚不广泛，方法并不统一，有待形成完善的国家结直肠癌筛查体系。建立筛查体系的作用在于发现癌前病变和早期病例，从而降低发病率并提高早期病例构成比，具有很重要的卫生经济学意义。本文结合国内外最新指南共识，阐述国内外结直肠癌筛查的历程和现状，比较了结直肠癌筛查常用的方法，并对我国筛查的发展提出了展望，以期未来能够建立具有我国特色的结直肠癌筛查策略。

The incidence and death rate of colorectal cancer has shown an upward trend in China. Colorectal cancer turns to be a great threat to people's health. There is an urgent need for my country to adopt an effective and suitable colorectal cancer screening strategy to reduce the disease burden of colorectal cancer. The prominent problem currently faced is that the coverage of colorectal cancer screening programs for the population in my country is not yet extensive, and the methods are not uniform. A comprehensive national colorectal cancer screening system needs to be formed. The role of establishing a screening system is to detect precancerous lesions and early cases, thereby reducing the incidence and increasing the proportion of early cases, which is of great significance in health economics. This article briefly descirbed the development and current status of colorectal cancer screening international, comparaed several frequently used methods, introduced the latest guidelines and consensus of colorectal cancer screening, and put forward ideas and suggestions for the establishment of colorectal cancer screening system in China.