腹茧症是一种非常罕见、病因不明的腹部疾病。全部或部分小肠被一层致密的灰白色或红色的纤维膜所包裹，因此又称为特发性硬化性腹膜炎或硬化性腹膜炎等。1978年由Foo命名为腹茧症。临床医生常常缺乏对本病的认识，诊断比较困难。本例患者以肠梗阻为临床表现就诊，经手术证实为全部小肠及其系膜被纤维膜包裹禁锢，松解纤维膜后发现，全小肠长度仅为1米，考虑为先天性小肠发育不良，该病例非常罕见。

Abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS), also known as idiopathic sclerosing peritonitis and primary sclerosing peritonitis, is a rare condition, causing small bowel obstruction. It was named by Foo in 1978 as ACS. It is characterized by partial or total encasement of the small intestine in a fibro collagenous cocoon-like sac. Neither the cause nor the pathogenesis has been elucidated fully. Thus, the diagnosis of the disease is difficult since clinicians often lack sufficient understanding of the disease. A patient was received with described symptoms of intestinal obstruction. Surgery shows that the entire small intestine and intestinal mesentery were enveloped in a fibro collagenous sac. The surgically released small intestine was only 1 meter long. Thus it was diagnosed as congenital small intestinal dysplasia, a rare case.