癌症防治是实现“健康中国2030”战略，维护广大人民健康的重要举措。为助力实现健康中国战略宏伟目标，在结直肠癌领域，我们应当分析、梳理我国结直肠癌流行病学特征，与以美国为代表的发达国家进行对比，发现我国结直肠癌特点，找出与发达国家在防治工作上的差距，进而对相关工作进行针对性的加强。本文结合《2018中国肿瘤登记年报》，并与美国癌症协会（American Cancer Society）发布的《Cancer Statistics， 2019》和《Colorectal Cancer Statistics， 2020》进行对比，分析两国结直肠癌的流行病学特征。总体来看，相比于美国结直肠癌逐年下降的发病率和死亡率，我国结直肠癌发病率和死亡率近年来仍在缓慢上升。两国发病均呈现年轻化趋势。我国直肠癌发病比例远高于发达国家。男性、城市和东部地区仍是结直肠癌防治的重点人群和地区。健康中国战略将“预防为主、防治结合”作为癌症防控工作重点，本文也从国家、社会和个人三个战略层面深入分析我国结直肠癌早诊早治工作的必要性和重要性。

Cancer prevention and treatment is an important measure to realize the strategy of "Healthy China 2030" and maintain the health of the general public. In order to help achieve the grand goal of the Healthy China strategy, in the field of colorectal cancer, we should analyze and sort out the epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer in China, compare with developed countries, discover the characteristics of colorectal cancer in China, identify the gaps between China and developed countries in prevention and treatment, and then make targeted efforts to strengthen the relevant work. This paper combines the 2018 China Annual Tumor Registry Report and compares it with Cancer Statistics, 2019 and Colorectal Cancer Statistics, 2020 published by the American Cancer Society to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer in both countries. epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer in both countries. Overall, compared with the decreasing incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer in the United States year by year, the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer in China are still slowly increasing in recent years. Both countries show a trend of younger incidence. The proportion of rectal cancer incidence in China is much higher than that in developed countries. Men, urban and eastern regions are still the key population and regions for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. In this paper, we also analyze the necessity and importance of early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer in China from three strategic levels: national, social and individual.