肛周脓肿是肛肠科常见的急性感染性疾病，好发于肛周深部间隙，手术切开引流是主要治疗手段。手术入路选择很多，经典方式包括外括约肌外、括约肌间和直肠腔内入路，不规范的入路增加肛瘘或复杂性肛瘘的发生，增加肛门失禁的风险。本文阐述了不同间隙脓肿的手术入路方式，为规范化治疗提供依据，以期降低肛瘘或复杂性肛瘘的形成概率，减少患者痛苦，提高生活质量，节省医疗资源。

Anorectal abscess is a common acute infectious disease in department of colorectal surgery. It is easy to spread to deep perianal spaces. Surgical incision and drainage are the main therapeutic principle. There are many surgical approaches and the classic approaches include external approach of external sphincter, intersphincteric approach and intrarectal approach. The irregular approach increases the formation of anal fistula or complex anal fistula and increases the risk of fecal incontinence. In this paper, the different operative approach of abscess is described, which can provide basis for standardized treatment, decrease the formation of anal fistula or complex anal fistula, reduce patients' complication, improve quality of life and save medical resources.