我国县域级医院发展不平衡，因设备、人员、科室、资金配置相对落后，无法严格按照国际的结直肠癌诊疗指南进行诊治。而县域级医院服务人群基数大，为多数结直肠癌患者的初诊单位，因此制定适合于县域级医院的结直肠癌诊疗指南显得极为重要。本指南以2017年国家卫计委发布的《中国结直肠癌诊疗规范》为参照，通过问卷调查的形式调研了覆盖我国东、中、西部地区共计71所县域级医院的结直肠癌手术开展、诊断设备、科室配套、诊疗过程障碍等方面情况，汇总后进行归纳分析，结合现有诊疗新进展，根据我国县域级医院现有状况，在原有指南基础上做出适应于县域级医院诊疗的改动。希望该版指南可规范、提高我国基层医院结直肠癌诊治水平。

The development of county-level hospitals in China is unbalanced. Due to relatively backward equipment, personnel, departments and fund allocation, the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer cannot be carried out in strict accordance with the international guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. However, the county-level hospitals need to serve a large number of people, which is the primary diagnosis unit for most colorectal cancer patients. Therefore, it is very important to develop guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer in county-level hospitals. Based on the ″China Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Standards″ issued by the national health commission of the People′s Republic of China in 2017, a total of 71 county-level hospitals in eastern, central and western of China have been investigated in terms of colorectal cancer operation, diagnostic equipment, department support, diagnosis and treatment process obstacles, etc. In the guideline, and the changes adapted to county-level hospitals have been made on the basis of the original guideline according to the current situation of county-level hospitals combined with the new progress of diagnosis and treatment after summarizing and analyzing. It is hoped that this edition of the guideline can standardize and improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer in primary hospitals in China.