结直肠息肉是指任何突出于结直肠管腔内的隆起性病变。肛瘘是肛管或直肠与肛周皮肤相通的肉芽肿性管道，由原发性内口、瘘管、继发性外口三部分组成。作为独立的疾病，两者的发病没有相关性。在极少数情况下，当瘘管穿过肛提肌直接与直肠相通时（括约肌外肛瘘），因炎症刺激可引起直肠息肉增生。现报道一例因肛瘘（括约肌间肛瘘）继发直肠息肉频发而误诊的病例。

A colorectal polyp is any protruding lumen of the rectum. Anal fistula is a granulomatous canal that is between anal canal or rectum and perianal skin, consisting of three parts: primary inner mouth, fistula, and secondary outer mouth. As separate diseases, there is no correlation between the two diseases. In rare cases, when the fistula is directly connected to the rectum through the levator anal musle (extrasphincteric fistula), the inflammatory stimulation may cause the proliferation of rectal polyps. It′s a misdiagnosed report of rectal polyps secondary to anal fistula (intersphincteric fistula) .