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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志

中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (02) : 188 -195. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2020.02.014

所属专题： 文献；

综述

进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗研究进展
高倩闽1, 陈昕涛1, 姚厚山2, 胡志前2,†()   
  1. 1. 200433　第二军医大学基础医学院学员11队
    2. 200003　上海长征医院普外一科
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-17 出版日期:2020-04-25
  • 通信作者: 胡志前

Research progress in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer

Qianmin Gao1, Xintao Chen1, Houshan Yao2, Zhiqian Hu2,†()   

  1. 1. Team 11, Basic Medical College of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
    2. Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
  • Received:2019-07-17 Published:2020-04-25
  • Corresponding author: Zhiqian Hu
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Hu Zhiqian, Email:
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高倩闽, 陈昕涛, 姚厚山, 胡志前. 进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗研究进展[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2020, 09(02): 188-195.

Qianmin Gao, Xintao Chen, Houshan Yao, Zhiqian Hu. Research progress in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for advanced rectal cancer[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2020, 09(02): 188-195.

我国结直肠癌发病率和死亡率居高不下，直肠癌的发病率与术后局部复发率（LRR）通常高于结肠癌，且手术难度高。目前为了防止直肠癌的局部复发大多采取多学科方法医治。新辅助放化疗（nCRT）作为一种发展中的多学科方法，可提高治愈率又可维持器官功能，在直肠癌治疗中起着至关重要的作用。本综述旨在阐明nCRT的现状与未来的改进方向。

关键词: 直肠肿瘤, 进展期直肠癌, 新辅助化疗, 新辅助放疗, 新辅助放化疗, 局部复发率

The incidence and death rate of colorectal cancer are very high in China. The incidence and local recurrence rate of rectal cancer are usually higher than that of colon cancer. And the operation is difficult. At present, to prevent the local recurrence of rectal cancer, multidisciplinary treatment is widely used. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), as a developing multidisciplinary method, can not only guarantee the curative effect but also maintain the organ function, and plays a crucial role in the treatment of rectal cancer. The purpose of this review is to clarify the current situation and future improvement direction of nCRT.

Key words: Rectal neoplasms, Advanced rectal cancer, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, Neoadjuvant radiotherapy, Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, Local recurrence rate
表1 "类三明治"新辅助治疗模式临床研究汇总
项目 XELOX＋Cap/RT＋XELOX XELOX＋XELOX/RT＋XELOX［27］ FOLFOX/Bev＋Bev/5-FU/RT＋FOLFOX［28］
完成新辅助治疗病例数 38 48 25
3~4级不良反应事件 ? ? ?
? 血液系统 10.5%（4/38） 12.2%（6/49） 72%（18/25）
? 非血液系统 13.2%（5/38） 18.4%（9/49） 48%（12/25）
pCR率 28.9%（11/38） 42.2%（19/45） 36%（9/25）
保肛率 52.6%（20/38） 73.3%（33/45） 80%（20/25）
术后并发症发生率 10.5%（4/38） 11.1%（5/45） 20%（5/25）
表2 新辅助治疗中添加奥沙利铂的临床试验
实验名称 实验年份 患者数量 试验方案 实验终点 中位随访时间（年） OS（%） DFS（%）
STAR-01［30］ 2011 379 5-FU OS，PCR - - -
368 5-FU＋OX ? ? - -
ACCORD 12［31,32］ 2012 299 Cape pCR >5 70.8 66.1
299 Cape＋OX ? ? 72.9（HR 0.90，P=0.5） 63.1（ HR 0.86，P=0.3）
CAO/ARO/AIO-04［33］ 2012，2015 623 5-FU DFS >3 88.0 71.2
613 5-FU＋OX ? ? 88.7（HR 0.96，CI 0.72~1.26） 75.3（HR 0.79，CI 0.64~0.98）
NSABP R-04［34］ 2014，2015 949 5-FU/Cape 手术失败行保肛手术 >3 79.0 64.2
659 5-FU/Cape＋OX ? ? 81.3（HR 0.89，P=0.38） 69.2（HR 0.91，P=0.34）
PETACC-6［35］ 2014，2018 623 Cape DFS >3 83.1 71.3
613 Cape＋OX ? ? 80.1（HR 1.17，P=0.25） 70.5（HR 1.02，P=0.84）
JIAO 2015［36］ 2015 103 Cape DFS，OS >3 86.4 70
103 Cape＋OX ? ? 90.3（P=0.5155） 80.6（P=0.076）
FOWARC［37］ 2016，2018 155→130 5-FU DFS >3 76.4±3.8 93.7±2.2
158→142 5-FU＋OX ? ? 77.8±3.5 92.0±2.3
实验名称 LRR（%） 转移率（%） pCR率（%） 3~4级毒性率（%） 保肛手术率（%） 奥沙利铂组术前化放疗依从性（%）
STAR-01［30］ 6.0 2.9（腹腔） 16.4 8.0（P<0.001） 80.6 -
1.3 0.5 16.8（P=0.904） 25.4 81.7 66.0
ACCORD 12［31,32］ 8.8 4.2（腹腔） 13.9（P<0.001） 10.9（P<0.001） - -
7.8（HR=0.92，P=0.7） 2.8 19.2 25.4 - 41.0
CAO/ARO/AIO-04［33］ 4.6 6.0 13.0 13.0 88.0 -
2.9 4.0（全部） 17.0（P =0.04） 17.0（P=0.04） 88.0 85.0
NSABP R-04［34］ 12.1 - 17.8 6.6 62.0 -
11.2（P=0.7） - 19.5（P=0.42） 15.4（P<0.0001） 62（ P =0.28） -
PETACC-6［35］ - - 11.3 15.2 70.0 -
- - 13.3 36.7 65.1（ P =0.09） -
JIAO 2015［36］ 5.8 28.2 23.3 6.8 77.7 -
4.9（ P =0.7） 16.5（P=0.045） 19.4（P=0.479） 16.5（P=0.03） 84.5 81.6
FOWARC［37］ 10.0 - 14.0 10.7 84.4 -
8.5 - 27.5（P=0.05） 21.3（P=0.037） 87.2 94.9
表3 直肠癌新辅助治疗中在奥沙利铂的基础上添加西妥昔单抗的临床试验
临床试验 患者数量 试验方案 试验终点 PFS（%）/中位PFS（月） OS（%）/中位OS（月） ORR（%） 3~4级毒性率（%）
SWOG 0713［38］ 75 wCAPOX＋C pCR 72% ? ? -
EXPERT-C［39］ 44 CAPOX＋C CR - ? 51 -
46 ? ? ? ? 71（P=0.38） ?
OPUS［40］ 170 FOLFOX4＋C pCR 8.3 22.8 57 -
168 FOLFOX4 ? 7.2（HR=0.567，P=0.0064） 18.5（HR=0.855，P=0.39） 34（P=0.0027） ?
COIN［41］ 815 mFOLFOX6/XELOX＋C OS 8.6 17 64 -
815 mFOLFOX6/XELOX ? 8.6（HR=0.96，P=0.60） 17.9（HR=1.04，P=0.67） 57（P=0.049） ?
NORDIC-7［42］ 498 Nordic FLOX＋C pCR 7.9 20.1 46 -
303 Nordic FLOX ? 8.7（HR=1.07，P=0.66） 22（HR=1.14，P=0.48） 47（P=0.89） ?
TAILOR［43］ 192 FOLFOX4＋C pCR 9.2 20.7 ? 16.2
200 FOLFOX4 ? 7.4（HR=0.69，P=0.004） 17.8（HR=0.76，P=0.02） ? 7.3
表4 直肠癌新辅助治疗中在奥沙利铂的基础上添加贝伐单抗的临床试验
临床试验 患者数量 试验方案 试验终点 中位随访时间（月） PFS（%）/中位PFS（月） OS（%）/中位OS（月） ORR（%）/中位ORR（月） 3~4级毒性率（%）
Wong R等［44］ 45 CAPOX＋Bev pCR 12.5 50% 86% 78% -
E3200［45］ 286 FOLFOX4＋Bev OS - 7.3 12.9 22.7% 61
291 FOLFOX4 ? ? 4.7（P<0.001） 10.8（P=0.011） 8.6%（P<0.001） 75
243 单独使用Bev ? ? 2.7（P<0.001） 10.2（P<0.001） 3.3%（P<0.001） 34
Saltz LB等［46］ 701 XELOX/FOLFOX4＋安慰剂 PFS - 8 19.9 7.4 75
699 XELOX/FOLFOX4＋Bev ? ? 9.4（P=0.0023） 21.3（P=0.0769） 8.45（P=0.0307） 80
表5 直肠癌新辅助治疗中在奥沙利铂的基础上添加伊立替康的临床试验
临床试验 患者数量 试验方案 试验终点 pCR率（%） ORR（%） 3~4级毒性率（%）
RTOGT0012［48］ 52 CVI pCR - 29 42
54 CVI＋I ? ? 31 51
ROTOG0247［49］ 55 MF＋I pCR 10 - 42
56 MF＋OX ? 21 ? 51
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