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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 08 ›› Issue (06) : 580 -587. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2019.06.007

所属专题: 文献

论著

经肛门内镜显微外科手术(TEM)治疗直肠少见肿瘤
白雪杉1, 林国乐1,(), 吴昕1, 薛晓强1, 周皎琳1, 邱辉忠1   
  1. 1. 100730 中国医学科学院北京协和医院基本外科
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-25 出版日期:2019-12-25
  • 通信作者: 林国乐
  • 基金资助:
    北京市科技重大专项基金(No.D17110700260000)

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for rare rectal tumors

Xueshan Bai1, Guole Lin1,(), Xin Wu1, Xiaoqiang Xue1, Jiaolin Zhou1, Huizhong Qiu1   

  1. 1. Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
  • Received:2019-06-25 Published:2019-12-25
  • Corresponding author: Guole Lin
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Lin Guole, Email:
引用本文:

白雪杉, 林国乐, 吴昕, 薛晓强, 周皎琳, 邱辉忠. 经肛门内镜显微外科手术(TEM)治疗直肠少见肿瘤[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2019, 08(06): 580-587.

Xueshan Bai, Guole Lin, Xin Wu, Xiaoqiang Xue, Jiaolin Zhou, Huizhong Qiu. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for rare rectal tumors[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2019, 08(06): 580-587.

目的

探讨经肛门内镜显微外科手术(TEM)在直肠少见肿瘤治疗中的应用。

方法

2006年4月至2018年5月,北京协和医院共收治157例直肠少见肿瘤患者。收集临床资料,建立回顾性准确数据库。其中男性89例,女性68例。平均肿瘤直径(1.2±0.7)cm(0.2~5.3 cm),距肛缘平均距离(6.6±2.3)cm(2~12 cm)。分析人口学特征、手术细节、肿瘤特点、并发症和随访资料。

结果

所有患者均获得全层完全切除,切缘阴性。术中并发症3例,术后并发症21例。病理组织学结果报告神经内分泌肿瘤(NETs)114例;胃肠道间质肿瘤(GISTs)35例,黑色素瘤、淋巴瘤和平滑肌瘤各2例;脂肪瘤和鳞癌各1例。145例患者平均随访(56.25±32.13)个月(19~144个月),2例死亡,1例局部复发,1例出现淋巴结转移。1例在术后1个月出现直肠阴道瘘。其余患者无局部复发、转移、大便失禁。神经内分泌瘤亚组分析中,初次手术组与内镜术后补救组之间比较,手术时长、术中出血量、术后住院天数等方面差异无统计学意义。在间质瘤亚组分析中,新辅助治疗组与直接手术组之间,同样在手术时长、术中出血量、术后住院天数等方面差异无统计学意义。

结论

TEM是治疗直肠少见肿瘤的可靠方法。并发症发生率低,疗效满意。

Objective

The purpose of this article is to discuss the application of TEM in the treatment of rare rectal tumors.

Methods

From April 2006 to May 2018, 157 patients with rare rectal tumors were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. To collect clinical data and establish a retrospective and accurate database. There were 89 males and 68 females. The average diameter of the tumors was (1.2±0.7) cm, (0.2~5.3 cm) and the average distance from the anal margin was (6.6±2.3) cm, (2~12 cm). The demographic characteristics, surgical details, tumor characteristics, complications and follow-up data were analyzed.

Results

All patients were completely resected with negative incision margin. There were 3 intraoperative complications and 21 post-operative complications. Histopathological findings were reported in 114 cases of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), thirty-five cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), two cases of melanoma, two cases of lymphoma and 2 cases of leiomyoma, one case of lipoma and 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma. 145 patients were followed up for (56.25±32.13) months (19~144 months). Two patients died, one had local recurrence and one had lymph node metastasis. One case developed rectovaginal fistula one month after operation. No local recurrence, metastasis or fecal incontinence occurred in the other patients. In the analysis of neuroendocrine tumor subgroup, there was no significant difference in operation time, intraoperative bleeding and postoperative hospital stay between first operation group and the second surgery failed group. In gastrointestinal stromal tumor subgroup, there was also no significant difference between the neoadjuvant therapy group and without neoadjuvant therapy group in operation time, intraoperative bleeding and postoperative hospital stay.

Conclusion

TEM is a reliable `treatmentfor rare rectal tumors. The incidence of complications is low and the curative effect is satisfactory.

表1 整体患者临床特征和肿瘤特点分析
图1 TEM术具体手术过程。1A:病灶形态;1B:针形电刀在病灶周围烧灼出一圈拟切除线;1C-D:电刀加深切口至肠外脂肪层,即全层切除;1E-F:创面可用可吸收滑线横向连续缝合
图2 应用TEM平台切除的少见肿瘤病理标本图片。2A:直径1.2 cm的NETs;2B:直径1.8 cm GISTs ;2C:直径1.2 cm的黑色素瘤;2D:直径2.0 cm的平滑肌瘤
表2 患者术后及随访项目分析
表3 NETs亚组初次手术组和内镜术后补救组的详细数据
表4 间质瘤亚组是否进行新辅助治疗的详细数据
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