早期直肠癌是指肿瘤浸润深度局限于黏膜及黏膜下层的直肠癌，如果选择合适的病例进行局部切除，也可达到理想的效果。相对于根治切除而言，局部切除具有手术创伤小、并发症少、恢复快，疗效好的优势。本文将对早期直肠癌局部切除的适应证及各种方法的优缺点作一综述，望对今后的临床诊治提供些许帮助。

Early stage rectal cancer means tumor located intra-epithelial or invades into muscularis mucosae, or tumor invades through muscularis mucosae into sub-mucosa. Local treatments also have better results for precise patient selection.When compares with radical surgery, it provides minimally invasive、less morbidity、fast recovery and effective for low-risk T1 stage rectal cancer.In this article, we summarized the principles, indications of local treatments for eraly stage rectal cancer, and also compares the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, hoping to provide some help in clinical therapies.