Gut microbiome and colorectal cancer

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2021.01.005

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, the influence of gut microbiome on colorectal cancer has been widely concerned. Growing body of evidence indicates that gut microbiome is associated with the development and treatment of colorectal cancer, and the discovery of potentially pathogenic microbiome and metabolic biomarkers will help to early diagnosis and effective treatment of colorectal cancer. According to epidemiological data, the incidence of colorectal cancer varies regionally and is generally higher in westernized populations. Meanwhile, the composition of gut microbiome also has differences between westernized and non-westernized populations. Therefore, it is considered that factors such as diet and environment may cause regional differences in the composition of gut microbiome, which ultimately leads to regional differences in colorectal cancer susceptibility in a way. To this end, in this review we summarize the composition of gut microbiome of different regional/ethnic groups, as well as gut microbiome and metabolites related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, with the purpose to explore the role of gut microbiome in colorectal cancer susceptibility in different population and the existence of colorectal cancer related gut microbiome independent of geographical sources.

Key words: Colorectal neoplasms, Gut microbiome, Region/race, Diet

Mifen Chen, Lin Shen, Jian Li. Gut microbiome and colorectal cancer[J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2021, 10(01): 34-44.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://zhjzcjbdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2021.01.005

https://zhjzcjbdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2021/V10/I01/34

Figures/Tables 2

References 96

1	Keum N, Giovannucci E. Global burden of colorectal cancer: emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies[J]. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2019, 16 (12): 713-732.
2	Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, et al. Cancer statistics in China, 2015[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2016, 66 (2): 115-132.
3	Gopalakrishnan V, Helmink BA, Spencer CN, et al. The influence of the gut microbiome on cancer, immunity, and cancer immunotherapy[J]. Cancer Cell, 2018, 33 (4): 570-580.
4	Valdes AM, Walter J, Segal E, et al. Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health[J]. BMJ, 2018, 361 (Suppl_1): k2179.
5	Chao A, Thun MJ, Connell CJ, et al. Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer[J]. Jama, 2005, 293 (2): 172-182.
6	O'Keefe SJD, Chung D, Mahmoud N, et al. Why do African Americans get more colon cancer than Native Africans?[J]. J Nutr, 2007, 137 (Suppl_1): 175S-182S.
7	O'Keefe SJD, Ou J, Aufreiter S, et al. Products of the colonic microbiota mediate the effects of diet on colon cancer risk[J]. J Nutr, 2009, 139 (11): 2044-2048.
8	Ou J, Carbonero F, Zoetendal EG, et al. Diet, microbiota, and microbial metabolites in colon cancer risk in rural Africans and African Americans[J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2013, 98 (1): 111-120.
9	Ocvirk S, Wilson AS, Posma JM, et al. A prospective cohort analysis of gut microbial co-metabolism in Alaska Native and rural African people at high and low risk of colorectal cancer [J]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2020, 111 (2): 406-419.
10	The Human Microbiome Project Consortium. Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome [J]. Nature, 2012, 486 (7402): 207-214.
11	Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, et al. Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes [J]. Science, 2011, 334 (6052): 105-108.
12	Pasolli E, Asnicar F, Manara S, et al. Extensive unexplored human microbiome diversity revealed by over 150,000 genomes from metagenomes spanning age, geography, and lifestyle[J]. Cell, 2019, 176 (3): 649-662.e620.
13	Qin J, Li R, Raes J, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing [J]. Nature, 2010, 464 (7285): 59-65.
14	De Filippo C, Cavalieri D, Di Paola M, et al. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2010, 107 (33): 14691-14696.
15	Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, et al. Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography[J]. Nature, 2012, 486 (7402): 222-227.
16	Schnorr SL, Candela M, Rampelli S, et al. Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers[J]. Nat Commun, 2014, 5: 3654.
17	Rampelli S, Schnorr SL, Consolandi C, et al. Metagenome sequencing of the hadza hunter-gatherer gut microbiota[J]. Current biology: CB, 2015, 25(13): 1682-1693.
18	Clemente JC, Pehrsson EC, Blaser MJ, et al. The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians[J]. Science Advances, 2015, 1 (3): e1500183.
19	Obregon-Tito AJ, Tito RY, Metcalf J, et al. Subsistence strategies in traditional societies distinguish gut microbiomes[J]. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 6505.
20	Martínez I, Stegen JC, Maldonado-Gómez MX, et al. The gut microbiota of rural papua new guineans: composition, diversity patterns, and ecological processes[J]. Cell Rep, 2015, 11(4): 527-538.
21	Dehingia M, Devi KT, Talukdar NC, et al. Gut bacterial diversity of the tribes of India and comparison with the worldwide data [J]. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 18563.
22	Zhang J, Guo Z, Xue Z, et al. A phylo-functional core of gut microbiota in healthy young Chinese cohorts across lifestyles, geography and ethnicities [J]. The Isme Journal, 2015, 9(9): 1979-1990.
23	Gomez A, Petrzelkova KJ, Burns MB, et al. Gut microbiome of coexisting BaAka pygmies and bantu reflects gradients of traditional subsistence patterns[J]. Cell Rep, 2016, 14(9): 2142-2153.
24	Deschasaux M, Bouter KE, Prodan A, et al. Depicting the composition of gut microbiota in a population with varied ethnic origins but shared geography[J]. Nat Med, 2018, 24(10): 1526-1531.
25	Liao M, Xie Y, Mao Y, et al. Comparative analyses of fecal microbiota in Chinese isolated Yao population, minority Zhuang and rural Han by 16sRNA sequencing[J]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 1142.
26	He Y, Wu W, Zheng HM, et al. Regional variation limits applications of healthy gut microbiome reference ranges and disease models[J]. Nat Med, 2018, 24(10): 1532-1535.
27	Ayeni FA, Biagi E, Rampelli S, et al. Infant and adult gut microbiome and metabolome in rural bassa and urban settlers from nigeria[J]. Cell Rep, 2018, 23(10): 3056-3067.
28	Vangay P, Johnson AJ, Ward TL, et al. US immigration westernizes the human gut microbiome[J]. Cell, 2018, 175(4): 962-972.e910.
29	Kaplan RC, Wang Z, Usyk M, et al. Gut microbiome composition in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is shaped by geographic relocation, environmental factors, and obesity [J]. Genome Biol, 2019, 20(1): 219.
30	Sonnenburg ED, Sonnenburg JL. The ancestral and industrialized gut microbiota and implications for human health[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2019, 17(6): 383-390.
31	Hansen MEB, Rubel MA, Bailey AG, et al. Population structure of human gut bacteria in a diverse cohort from rural Tanzania and Botswana[J]. Genome Biol, 2019, 20 (1): 16.
32	Nayfach S, Shi ZJ, Seshadri R, et al. New insights from uncultivated genomes of the global human gut microbiome[J]. Nature, 2019, 568 (7753): 505-510.
33	Almeida A, Mitchell AL, Boland M, et al. A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota[J]. Nature, 2019, 568(7753): 499-504.
34	Smits SA, Leach J, Sonnenburg ED, et al. Seasonal cycling in the gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania[J]. Science, 2017, 357(6353): 802-806.
35	David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome[J]. Nature, 2014, 505(7484): 559-563.
36	Lang JM, Pan C, Cantor RM, et al. Impact of individual traits, saturated fat, and protein source on the gut microbiome[J]. MBio, 2018, 9(6): e01604-01618.
37	O'Keefe SJ, Li JV, Lahti L, et al. Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans[J]. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 6342.
38	Bowyer RCE, Jackson MA, Le Roy CI, et al. Socioeconomic status and the gut microbiome: a twinsuk cohort study[J]. Microorganisms, 2019, 7 (1): 17.
39	Goodrich JK, Davenport ER, Beaumont M, et al. Genetic determinants of the gut microbiome in UK twins[J]. Cell Host & Microbe, 2016, 19(5): 731-743.
40	Goodrich JK, Waters JL, Poole AC, et al. Human genetics shape the gut microbiome[J]. Cell, 2014, 159(4): 789-799.
41	Rothschild D, Weissbrod O, Barkan E, et al. Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota[J]. Nature, 2018, 555(7695): 210-215.
42	Wang T, Cai G, Qiu Y, et al. Structural segregation of gut microbiota between colorectal cancer patients and healthy volunteers[J]. The Isme J, 2012, 6(2): 320-329.
43	Wu N, Yang X, Zhang R, et al. Dysbiosis signature of fecal microbiota in colorectal cancer patients [J]. Microb Ecol, 2013, 66(2): 462-470.
44	Ahn J, Sinha R, Pei Z, et al. Human gut microbiome and risk for colorectal cancer[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2013, 105(24): 1907-1911.
45	Zackular JP, Rogers MA, MTtRuffin, et al. The human gut microbiome as a screening tool for colorectal cancer[J]. Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 2014, 7(11): 1112-1121.
46	Zeller G, Tap J, Voigt AY, et al. Potential of fecal microbiota for early-stage detection of colorectal cancer [J]. Mol Syst Biol, 2014, 10 (11): 766.
47	Feng Q, Liang S, Jia H, et al. Gut microbiome development along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence [J]. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 6528.
48	Eklöf V, Löfgren-Burström A, Zingmark C, et al. Cancer-associated fecal microbial markers in colorectal cancer detection[J]. Int J Cancer, 2017, 141(12): 2528-2536.
49	Liang Q, Chiu J, Chen Y, et al. Fecal bacteria act as novel biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2017, 23(8): 2061-2070.
50	Flemer B, Lynch DB, Brown JM, et al. Tumour-associated and non-tumour-associated microbiota in colorectal cancer[J]. Gut, 2017, 66(4): 633-643.
51	Alomair AO, Masoodi I, Alyamani EJ, et al. Colonic mucosal microbiota in colorectal cancer: a single-center metagenomic study in saudi arabia[J]. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2018, 2018: 5284754.
52	Yu J, Feng Q, Wong SH, et al. Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer[J]. Gut, 2017, 66(1): 70-78.
53	Dai Z, Coker OO, Nakatsu G, et al. Multi-cohort analysis of colorectal cancer metagenome identified altered bacteria across populations and universal bacterial markers[J]. Microbiome, 2018, 6(1): 70.
54	Wirbel J, Pyl PT, Kartal E, et al. Meta-analysis of fecal metagenomes reveals global microbial signatures that are specific for colorectal cancer[J]. Nat Med, 2019, 25(4): 679-689.
55	Thomas AM, Manghi P, Asnicar F, et al. Metagenomic analysis of colorectal cancer datasets identifies cross-cohort microbial diagnostic signatures and a link with choline degradation[J]. Nat Med, 2019, 25(4): 667-678.
56	Kostic AD, Gevers D, Pedamallu CS, et al. Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma[J]. Genome Res, 2012, 22(2): 292-298.
57	Castellarin M, Warren RL, Freeman JD, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma[J]. Genome research, 2012, 22(2): 299-306.
58	Kostic AD, Chun E, Robertson L, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis and modulates the tumor-immune microenvironment[J]. Cell Host & Microbe, 2013, 14(2): 207-215.
59	Abed J, Emgård JEM, Zamir G, et al. Fap2 mediates fusobacterium nucleatum colorectal adenocarcinoma enrichment by binding to tumor-expressed Gal-GalNAc [J]. Cell Host & Microbe, 2016, 20(2): 215-225.
60	Komiya Y, Shimomura Y, Higurashi T, et al. Patients with colorectal cancer have identical strains of in their colorectal cancer and oral cavity[J]. Gut, 2019, 68(7): 1335-1337.
61	Rubinstein MR, Wang X, Liu W, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling via its FadA adhesin[J]. Cell Host & Microbe, 2013, 14(2): 195-206.
62	Gur C, Ibrahim Y, Isaacson B, et al. Binding of the Fap2 protein of Fusobacterium nucleatum to human inhibitory receptor TIGIT protects tumors from immune cell attack [J]. Immunity, 2015, 42 (2): 344-355.
63	Mima K, Sukawa Y, Nishihara R, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum and T Cells in Colorectal Carcinoma [J]. JAMA Oncology, 2015, 1 (5): 653-661.
64	Tahara T, Yamamoto E, Suzuki H, et al. Fusobacterium in colonic flora and molecular features of colorectal carcinoma[J]. Cancer research, 2014, 74(5): 1311-1318.
65	Mima K, Nishihara R, Qian ZR, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal carcinoma tissue and patient prognosis[J]. Gut, 2016, 65(12): 1973-1980.
66	Hamada T, Zhang X, Mima K, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer relates to immune response differentially by tumor microsatellite instability status[J]. Cancer Immunol Res, 2018, 6(11): 1327-1336.
67	Bullman S, Pedamallu CS, Sicinska E, et al. Analysis of persistence and antibiotic response in colorectal cancer[J]. Science, 2017, 358(6369): 1443-1448.
68	Nougayrède JP, Homburg S, Taieb F, et al. Escherichia coli induces DNA double-strand breaks in eukaryotic cells[J]. Science, 2006, 313(5788): 848-851.
69	Cuevas-Ramos G, Petit CR, Marcq I, et al. Escherichia coli induces DNA damage in vivo and triggers genomic instability in mammalian cells[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010, 107(25): 11537-11542.
70	Vizcaino MI, Crawford JM. The colibactin warhead crosslinks DNA[J]. Nature Chemistry, 2015, 7(5): 411-417.
71	Wilson MR, Jiang Y, Villalta PW, et al. The human gut bacterial genotoxin colibactin alkylates DNA [J]. Science, 2019, 363(6428): eaar7785.
72	Xue M, Kim CS, Healy AR, et al. Structure elucidation of colibactin and its DNA cross-links[J]. Science, 2019, 365(6457): eaax2685.
73	Arthur JC, Gharaibeh RZ, Mühlbauer M, et al. Microbial genomic analysis reveals the essential role of inflammation in bacteria-induced colorectal cancer[J]. Nat Commun, 2014, 5: 4724.
74	Cougnoux A, Dalmasso G, Martinez R, et al. Bacterial genotoxin colibactin promotes colon tumour growth by inducing a senescence-associated secretory phenotype[J]. Gut, 2014, 63(12): 1932-1942.
75	Toprak NU, Yagci A, Gulluoglu BM, et al. A possible role of Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin in the aetiology of colorectal cancer [J]. Clinical Microbiology and Infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2006, 12(8): 782-786.
76	Boleij A, Hechenbleikner EM, Goodwin AC, et al. The Bacteroides fragilis toxin gene is prevalent in the colon mucosa of colorectal cancer patients [J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases: an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015, 60(2): 208-215.
77	Wu S, Rhee KJ, Albesiano E, et al. A human colonic commensal promotes colon tumorigenesis via activation of T helper type 17 T cell responses[J]. Nature Medicine, 2009, 15(9): 1016-1022.
78	Geis AL, Fan H, Wu X, et al. Regulatory T-cell response to enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis colonization triggers IL17-dependent colon carcinogenesis[J]. Cancer Discovery, 2015, 5(10): 1098-1109.
79	Chung L, Thiele Orberg E, Geis AL, et al. Bacteroides fragilis toxin coordinates a pro-carcinogenic inflammatory cascade via targeting of colonic epithelial cells[J]. Cell Host & Microbe, 2018, 23(3): 421.
80	Wu S, Morin PJ, Maouyo D, et al. Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin induces c-Myc expression and cellular proliferation [J]. Gastroenterology, 2003, 124(2): 392-400.
81	Goodwin AC, Destefano Shields CE, Wu S, et al. Polyamine catabolism contributes to enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-induced colon tumorigenesis[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011, 108(37): 15354-15359.
82	He Z, Gharaibeh RZ, Newsome RC, et al. Campylobacter jejuni promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through the action of cytolethal distending toxin[J]. Gut, 2019, 68(2): 289-300.
83	Long X, Wong CC, Tong L, et al. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius promotes colorectal carcinogenesis and modulates tumour immunity[J]. Nat Microbiol, 2019, 4(12): 2319-2330.
84	Chen D, Jin D, Huang S, et al. Clostridium butyricum, a butyrate-producing probiotic, inhibits intestinal tumor development through modulating Wnt signaling and gut microbiota[J]. Cancer Lett, 2020, 469: 456-467.
85	Visconti A, Le Roy CI, Rosa F, et al. Interplay between the human gut microbiome and host metabolism [J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1): 4505.
86	Jia W, Xie G, Jia W,. Bile acid-microbiota crosstalk in gastrointestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis [J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 15 (2): 111-128.
87	Missiaglia E, Jacobs B, D'Ario G, et al. Distal and proximal colon cancers differ in terms of molecular, pathological, and clinical features [J]. Ann Oncol, 2014, 25(10): 1995-2001.
88	Lee MS, Menter DG, Kopetz S. Right versus left colon cancer biology: integrating the consensus molecular subtypes[J]. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network: JNCCN, 2017, 15(3): 411-419.
89	Petrelli F, Tomasello G, Borgonovo K, et al. Prognostic survival associated with left-sided vs right-sided colon cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. JAMA Oncology, 2017, 3(2): 211-219.
90	Johansson MEV, Larsson JMH, Hansson GC. The two mucus layers of colon are organized by the MUC2 mucin, whereas the outer layer is a legislator of host-microbial interactions[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011, 108(Suppl_1): 4659-4665.
91	Dejea CM, Wick EC, Hechenbleikner EM, et al. Microbiota organization is a distinct feature of proximal colorectal cancers[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014, 111(51): 18321-18326.
92	Johnson CH, Dejea CM, Edler D, et al. Metabolism links bacterial biofilms and colon carcinogenesis[J]. Cell Metab, 2015, 21(6): 891-897.
93	Tomkovich S, Dejea CM, Winglee K, et al. Human colon mucosal biofilms from healthy or colon cancer hosts are carcinogenic[J]. J Clin Invest, 2019, 130(4): 1699-1712.
94	Tjalsma H, Boleij A, Marchesi JR, et al. A bacterial driver-passenger model for colorectal cancer: beyond the usual suspects[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2012, 10(8): 575-582.
95	Shah MS, DeSantis TZ, Weinmaier T, et al. Leveraging sequence-based faecal microbial community survey data to identify a composite biomarker for colorectal cancer[J]. Gut, 2018, 67(5): 882-891.
96	Yachida S, Mizutani S, Shiroma H, et al. Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal distinct stage-specific phenotypes of the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer [J]. Nat Med, 2019, 25 (6): 968-976.

作者，年份	地域/民族	生活方式	样本量（例）	测序方法	肠道菌群特征
Qin,et al,2010年^[13]	欧洲	工业化生活	124	16S rRNA	拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门丰度最高，核心菌群主要与复杂多糖的降解以及短链脂肪酸、必需氨基酸和维生素的合成有关
美国国立卫生研究院（NIH），2012年^[10]	美国	工业化生活	242	16S rRNA	门水平上，多以拟杆菌门为主，少数以厚壁菌门为主；属水平上，以拟杆菌属为主；普遍存在与生命基础代谢相关的“核心”通路，如核糖体转录和翻译等
De,et al,2010年^[14]	欧洲城镇儿童	工业化生活	15	16S rRNA	厚壁菌门和变形菌门丰度相对较高
De,et al,2010年^[14]	非洲农村儿童	传统农业生活	15	16S rRNA	放线菌门和拟杆菌门丰度相对较高；含碳水化合物和木聚糖降解菌如普氏菌属、Xylanibacter、丁酸弧菌属和特征性密螺旋体属；短链脂肪酸相关菌丰度较高，但双歧杆菌丰度较低
Yatsunenko,et al,2012年^[15]	美国	工业化生活	316	16S rRNA	肠道菌群多样性较低；富含单糖代谢
Yatsunenko,et al,2012年^[15]	非洲马拉维、南美洲委内瑞拉	传统农业生活	215	16S rRNA	两者间肠道菌群的差异明显小于二者与美国人群间的差异；富含淀粉酶等多糖代谢
Schnorr,et al,2014年^[16]；Rampelli,et al,2015年^[17]*	意大利	工业化生活	16；11*	16S rDNA；鸟枪法测序	物种丰富度和多样性较低；富含单糖如葡萄糖、半乳糖和蔗糖及外毒素代谢
Schnorr,et al,2014年^[16]；Rampelli,et al,2015年^[17]*	非洲坦桑尼亚哈扎族人	狩猎-采集生活	27	16S rDNA；鸟枪法测序	普氏菌属、密螺旋体和未分类的拟杆菌门细菌丰度较高，拟杆菌属丰度较低，未检测到双歧杆菌；富含短链脂肪酸代谢
Clemente, et al,2015年^[18]	亚诺马米印第安人	半游牧式的狩猎生活	34	16S rRNA	物种多样性高；普氏菌属丰度较高，拟杆菌属丰度较低
Obregon,et al, 2015年^[19]	美国	工业化生活	23	16S rRNA、鸟枪法测序	物种丰富度较低；以放线菌门为主
Obregon,et al, 2015年^[19]	秘鲁	狩猎-采集和传统农业生活	56	16S rRNA、鸟枪法测序	以变形菌门为主；可检测到不属于致病性分支的密螺旋体属
Martínez,et al, 2015年^[20]	美国	工业化生活	22	16S rRNA	与美国人群相比，新几内亚人群α多样性较高而β多样性较低
Martínez,et al, 2015年^[20]	新几内亚	传统农业生活	40	16S rRNA	与美国人群相比，新几内亚人群α多样性较高而β多样性较低
Dehingia,et al, 2015年^[21]	印度	传统农业生活	193	16S rDNA、下一代基因测序	参与碳水化合物代谢的普雷沃氏菌科、瘤胃菌科、毛螺菌科及真杆菌科丰度较高
Zhang,et al, 2015年^[22]	中国多个省份与民族	传统农业生活	314	16S rRNA	门水平上，以厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门为主；属水平上，考拉杆菌属丰度最高；9个“核心”菌属在人群中共享，均与短链脂肪酸产生相关
Gomez,et al,2016年^[23]	俾格米人	狩猎-采集生活	28	16S rRNA	普雷沃氏菌科、密螺旋体属和梭菌科丰度较高
Gomez,et al,2016年^[23]	班图人	传统农业生活	29	16S rRNA	以厚壁菌门为主；糖和外源性物质代谢富集
Deschasaux,et al,2018年^[24]	荷兰阿姆斯特丹六个最大的民族	工业化生活	2 084	16S rRNA	门水平上，厚壁菌门丰度最高，其次为拟杆菌们；属水平上，普氏菌属、粪杆菌属、拟杆菌属丰度最高，其中摩洛哥人、土耳其人、加纳人的肠道菌群以普氏菌属为主，非洲苏里南人、南亚苏里南人以拟杆菌属为主，而丹麦人则以梭菌目为主
Liao,et al,2018年^[25]	居住在同一地区的瑶族、壮族和汉族人群	传统农业生活	47名汉族、28名壮族和59名瑶族成人	16S rDNA	拟杆菌属和普氏菌属在三个人群中丰度最高，其中巨单胞菌属和琥珀酸弧菌属分别是汉族和瑶族人群的特征性菌属
He,et al,2018年^[26]	中国广东地区	传统农业生活	7 009	下一代基因测序	拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门丰度最高
Ayeni,et al,2018年^[27]	非洲城镇尼日利亚	工业化生活	30	16S rRNA	拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌和粪杆菌属等丰度相对较高
Ayeni,et al,2018年^[27]	非洲农村巴萨	传统农业生活	18	16S rRNA	个体间差异相对较小；以纤维消化功能为主的细菌如普氏菌属、密螺旋体菌属、琥珀酸弧菌属、杆菌属和丁酸弧菌属等丰度较高

作者，年份	地域/民族	生活方式	样本量（例）	测序方法	肠道菌群特征
Qin,et al,2010年^[13]	欧洲	工业化生活	124	16S rRNA	拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门丰度最高，核心菌群主要与复杂多糖的降解以及短链脂肪酸、必需氨基酸和维生素的合成有关
美国国立卫生研究院（NIH），2012年^[10]	美国	工业化生活	242	16S rRNA	门水平上，多以拟杆菌门为主，少数以厚壁菌门为主；属水平上，以拟杆菌属为主；普遍存在与生命基础代谢相关的“核心”通路，如核糖体转录和翻译等
De,et al,2010年^[14]	欧洲城镇儿童	工业化生活	15	16S rRNA	厚壁菌门和变形菌门丰度相对较高
De,et al,2010年^[14]	非洲农村儿童	传统农业生活	15	16S rRNA	放线菌门和拟杆菌门丰度相对较高；含碳水化合物和木聚糖降解菌如普氏菌属、Xylanibacter、丁酸弧菌属和特征性密螺旋体属；短链脂肪酸相关菌丰度较高，但双歧杆菌丰度较低
Yatsunenko,et al,2012年^[15]	美国	工业化生活	316	16S rRNA	肠道菌群多样性较低；富含单糖代谢
Yatsunenko,et al,2012年^[15]	非洲马拉维、南美洲委内瑞拉	传统农业生活	215	16S rRNA	两者间肠道菌群的差异明显小于二者与美国人群间的差异；富含淀粉酶等多糖代谢
Schnorr,et al,2014年^[16]；Rampelli,et al,2015年^[17]*	意大利	工业化生活	16；11*	16S rDNA；鸟枪法测序	物种丰富度和多样性较低；富含单糖如葡萄糖、半乳糖和蔗糖及外毒素代谢
Schnorr,et al,2014年^[16]；Rampelli,et al,2015年^[17]*	非洲坦桑尼亚哈扎族人	狩猎-采集生活	27	16S rDNA；鸟枪法测序	普氏菌属、密螺旋体和未分类的拟杆菌门细菌丰度较高，拟杆菌属丰度较低，未检测到双歧杆菌；富含短链脂肪酸代谢
Clemente, et al,2015年^[18]	亚诺马米印第安人	半游牧式的狩猎生活	34	16S rRNA	物种多样性高；普氏菌属丰度较高，拟杆菌属丰度较低
Obregon,et al, 2015年^[19]	美国	工业化生活	23	16S rRNA、鸟枪法测序	物种丰富度较低；以放线菌门为主
Obregon,et al, 2015年^[19]	秘鲁	狩猎-采集和传统农业生活	56	16S rRNA、鸟枪法测序	以变形菌门为主；可检测到不属于致病性分支的密螺旋体属
Martínez,et al, 2015年^[20]	美国	工业化生活	22	16S rRNA	与美国人群相比，新几内亚人群α多样性较高而β多样性较低
Martínez,et al, 2015年^[20]	新几内亚	传统农业生活	40	16S rRNA	与美国人群相比，新几内亚人群α多样性较高而β多样性较低
Dehingia,et al, 2015年^[21]	印度	传统农业生活	193	16S rDNA、下一代基因测序	参与碳水化合物代谢的普雷沃氏菌科、瘤胃菌科、毛螺菌科及真杆菌科丰度较高
Zhang,et al, 2015年^[22]	中国多个省份与民族	传统农业生活	314	16S rRNA	门水平上，以厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门为主；属水平上，考拉杆菌属丰度最高；9个“核心”菌属在人群中共享，均与短链脂肪酸产生相关
Gomez,et al,2016年^[23]	俾格米人	狩猎-采集生活	28	16S rRNA	普雷沃氏菌科、密螺旋体属和梭菌科丰度较高
Gomez,et al,2016年^[23]	班图人	传统农业生活	29	16S rRNA	以厚壁菌门为主；糖和外源性物质代谢富集
Deschasaux,et al,2018年^[24]	荷兰阿姆斯特丹六个最大的民族	工业化生活	2 084	16S rRNA	门水平上，厚壁菌门丰度最高，其次为拟杆菌们；属水平上，普氏菌属、粪杆菌属、拟杆菌属丰度最高，其中摩洛哥人、土耳其人、加纳人的肠道菌群以普氏菌属为主，非洲苏里南人、南亚苏里南人以拟杆菌属为主，而丹麦人则以梭菌目为主
Liao,et al,2018年^[25]	居住在同一地区的瑶族、壮族和汉族人群	传统农业生活	47名汉族、28名壮族和59名瑶族成人	16S rDNA	拟杆菌属和普氏菌属在三个人群中丰度最高，其中巨单胞菌属和琥珀酸弧菌属分别是汉族和瑶族人群的特征性菌属
He,et al,2018年^[26]	中国广东地区	传统农业生活	7 009	下一代基因测序	拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门丰度最高
Ayeni,et al,2018年^[27]	非洲城镇尼日利亚	工业化生活	30	16S rRNA	拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌和粪杆菌属等丰度相对较高
Ayeni,et al,2018年^[27]	非洲农村巴萨	传统农业生活	18	16S rRNA	个体间差异相对较小；以纤维消化功能为主的细菌如普氏菌属、密螺旋体菌属、琥珀酸弧菌属、杆菌属和丁酸弧菌属等丰度较高

作者，年份	地区	结直肠癌患者（例）/健康对照（例）	标本类型	测序方法	结直肠癌患者肠道菌群特征
Wang, et al, 2012年^[42]	中国	46/56	粪便	16S rRNA	脆弱拟杆菌、肠球菌属、埃希氏菌属、克雷伯菌属、链球菌属、消化链球菌属↑；氏菌属、毛螺菌科等短链脂肪酸产生相关菌↓
Wu, et al,2013年^[43]	中国	19/20	粪便	16S rRNA	拟杆菌属、梭杆菌属、弯曲杆菌、肠球菌科↑；氏菌属等短链脂肪酸产生相关菌↓
Ahn, et al, 2013年^[44]	美国	47/94	粪便	16S rRNA	梭杆菌属、卟啉单胞菌属↑、梭菌纲↑
Zackular, et al, 2014年^[45]	美国	30/30	粪便	16S rRNA	梭杆菌属、卟啉单胞菌属、肠杆菌科、紫单胞菌科↑；拟杆菌属、毛螺菌科等短链脂肪酸产生相关菌↓
Zeller, et al, 2014年^[46]	法国	91/358	粪便	宏基因组测序	具核梭杆菌、口炎消化链球菌、不解糖卟啉单胞菌↑
Feng, et al, 2015年^[47]	澳大利亚	41/55	粪便	宏基因组测序	多氏拟杆菌、普通拟杆菌、大肠杆菌、梭杆菌属↑；乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属↓
Eklöf, et al, 2017年^[48]	瑞典	39/66	粪便	qPCR	Pks+大肠杆菌、具核梭杆菌↑
Liang, et al, 2017年^[49]	中国	203/236	粪便	qPCR	具核梭杆菌、哈氏菌属↑、克拉鲁斯拟杆菌、肠道罗斯拜瑞氏菌↓
Flemer, et al, 2017年^[50]	爱尔兰	59/56	粪便和组织	16S rRNA	拟杆菌属、氏菌属、瘤胃球菌属、颤杆菌克、卟啉单胞菌属、消化链球菌属、微小单胞菌属、梭杆菌属↑
Alomair, et al, 2018年^[51]	沙特阿拉伯	29/29	组织	宏基因组测序	脆弱拟杆菌、消化链球菌、微小单胞菌↑

作者，年份	地区	结直肠癌患者（例）/健康对照（例）	标本类型	测序方法	结直肠癌患者肠道菌群特征
Wang, et al, 2012年^[42]	中国	46/56	粪便	16S rRNA	脆弱拟杆菌、肠球菌属、埃希氏菌属、克雷伯菌属、链球菌属、消化链球菌属↑；氏菌属、毛螺菌科等短链脂肪酸产生相关菌↓
Wu, et al,2013年^[43]	中国	19/20	粪便	16S rRNA	拟杆菌属、梭杆菌属、弯曲杆菌、肠球菌科↑；氏菌属等短链脂肪酸产生相关菌↓
Ahn, et al, 2013年^[44]	美国	47/94	粪便	16S rRNA	梭杆菌属、卟啉单胞菌属↑、梭菌纲↑
Zackular, et al, 2014年^[45]	美国	30/30	粪便	16S rRNA	梭杆菌属、卟啉单胞菌属、肠杆菌科、紫单胞菌科↑；拟杆菌属、毛螺菌科等短链脂肪酸产生相关菌↓
Zeller, et al, 2014年^[46]	法国	91/358	粪便	宏基因组测序	具核梭杆菌、口炎消化链球菌、不解糖卟啉单胞菌↑
Feng, et al, 2015年^[47]	澳大利亚	41/55	粪便	宏基因组测序	多氏拟杆菌、普通拟杆菌、大肠杆菌、梭杆菌属↑；乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属↓
Eklöf, et al, 2017年^[48]	瑞典	39/66	粪便	qPCR	Pks+大肠杆菌、具核梭杆菌↑
Liang, et al, 2017年^[49]	中国	203/236	粪便	qPCR	具核梭杆菌、哈氏菌属↑、克拉鲁斯拟杆菌、肠道罗斯拜瑞氏菌↓
Flemer, et al, 2017年^[50]	爱尔兰	59/56	粪便和组织	16S rRNA	拟杆菌属、氏菌属、瘤胃球菌属、颤杆菌克、卟啉单胞菌属、消化链球菌属、微小单胞菌属、梭杆菌属↑
Alomair, et al, 2018年^[51]	沙特阿拉伯	29/29	组织	宏基因组测序	脆弱拟杆菌、消化链球菌、微小单胞菌↑

[1]	Xia Kang, Hao Tian, Jin Qian, Yuan Gao, Hongming Miao, Xiaowei Qi. Osteorin attenuates osteolysis during bone metastasis of cancers through inhibiting osteoclastogenesis [J]. Chinese Journal of Breast Disease(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(06): 329-339.
[2]	Dechen Wang, Kang Yang, Zijie Yang, Mingbin Gui, Lianping Qu, Xiaofeng Zhang, Feng Gao. Progress of microsatellite stability state and PD-1/PD-L1/IDO in colorectal carcinoma [J]. Chinese Archives of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(06): 462-465.
[3]	Xu Tang, Bing Han, Wei Liu, Ruxing Chen. Analysis of risk factors for metachronous liver metastases after radical colorectal cancer surgery and construction of a predictive model [J]. Chinese Journal of Operative Procedures of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(01): 16-20.
[4]	Shengjun Zhang, Ajing Zhao, Shoubo Li, Xianghong Hao, Minli Liu. An experimental study on the promotion of colorectal cancer invasion and migration by high glucose through HGF/c-met pathway [J]. Chinese Journal of Operative Procedures of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(01): 21-24.
[5]	Ting Li, Lin Zhang. Relationship between serum fatty acid metabolites and vitamin D levels and colorectal cancer [J]. Chinese Journal of Operative Procedures of General Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2023, 17(06): 661-665.
[6]	Xu Guan, Xishan Wang. Reflecting on the merits and demerits of regional lymph node management in colorectal cancer based on surgical and immune perspectives [J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(06): 448-452.
[7]	Ruiqi Gu, Hongsheng Fang, Guoxiang Cai. Application and progress of circulating tumor DNA detection technology in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer [J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(06): 453-459.
[8]	Wenkai Ni, Chong Qi, Xiaodan Xu, Xiecheng Zhou, Qingzhang Yin, Yuankun Cai. Analysis of influencing factors of prolonged postoperative ileus in patients with colorectal cancer after operation [J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(06): 484-489.
[9]	Xiaoyu Fan, Sizheng Sun, Yimin E, Chunzhao Yu. Different surgical options for obstructive left colon cancer [J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(06): 500-504.
[10]	Wenyun Hou, Hengchang Liu, Lizhou Dou, Haipeng Chen, Zhaoxu Zheng, Guiqi Wang, Xishan Wang. A case of total laparoscopic radical surgery for right colon cancer with colonoscope-assisted transluminal extraction of specimen without auxiliary incision (ileocecal junction preservation) [J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(05): 436-440.
[11]	Yicheng Huang, Chen Lu, Sizheng Sun, Chunzhao Yu. Expression of liver-specific transcription factors FOXA2 in human stepwise metastatic colorectal carcinoma model and its significance [J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(05): 396-403.
[12]	Qi Liu, Kai Zhang, Jiannan Li, Tongjun Liu. Current status and progress of biologic treatment for colorectal cancer liver metastases [J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(05): 415-419.
[13]	Yin Wu, Zhiqin Chen, Yong Gao, Ming Quan. Progress in diagnosis and treatment of Her-2 positive colorectal cancer [J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(05): 420-425.
[14]	Boyang Fan, Ning Wang, Qian Zhang, Guiyu Wang. The progress in research of molecular mechanism of circRNAs regulating colorectal cancer metastasis [J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(05): 426-430.
[15]	Xin Sun, Haibo Cheng, Weixing Shen. Curative effect mechanism of Xianlian Jiedu decoction in treatment of patients with stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer based on transcriptomics [J]. Chinese Journal of Digestion and Medical Imageology(Electronic Edition), 2023, 13(05): 277-283.

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export