当前直肠癌发病率持续上升，微创技术的发展让手术精细化成为临床核心需求，但盆腔解剖复杂，精准操作与否直接影响肿瘤根治效果与患者术后生活质量。为此，中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专业委员会微创解剖学组牵头制定本共识。本共识以解剖学为基础，解读直肠系膜、盆腔神经等关键结构的解剖理论，明确微创手术的技术要点与操作规范；针对术后常见问题给出针对性预防与处理方案。同时，共识还展望了AI辅助、荧光成像等新技术的应用前景，为临床医师提供实用参考，助力提升我国直肠癌微创解剖手术的规范化与精准化水平，使患者获得更佳的预后。

The incidence of rectal cancer is on the rise globally. The advancement of minimally invasive technologies has made surgical refinement a core clinical requirement. However, the complex pelvic anatomy means that the precision of surgical procedures directly impacts tumor radical cure outcomes and patients’ postoperative quality of life. Spearheaded by the Minimally Invasive Anatomy Group of the Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, this consensus is based on anatomical principles. It interprets the anatomical theories of key structures such as the mesorectum and pelvic nerves, and clarifies the technical essentials and operational standards for minimally invasive surgeries. Targeted prevention and management strategies are provided for common postoperative complications. Additionally, the consensus looks ahead to the application prospects of new technologies including AI assistance and fluorescence imaging, offering practical references for clinicians. It aims to enhance the standardization and precision of minimally invasive anatomical surgery for rectal cancer in China, thereby better safeguarding patient prognosis.