经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSES）和加速康复外科（ERAS）的核心理念都是为了能够减少手术创伤和应激，让患者达到快速康复的目的。日间结直肠手术是两者结合的进一步发展，在规范开展高质量手术的前提下，结合ERAS理念的实施，内容包含术前准备，麻醉与镇痛，外科与营养干预及术后康复的全程团队管理。近期，中国医科大学附属第一医院在二者的优化结合方面做了一些探索，通过微创手术、麻醉疼痛管理、全程护理，再加上严格的术前准备、完整的术后随访，使得手术患者的身心应激和创伤最小化。本文以一名直肠癌NOSES手术患者为例，探讨日间手术模式开展结直肠癌根治术的可行性与影响因素。

The core principle behind Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction Surgery (NOSES) and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is minimizing surgical trauma and stress to expedite patient recovery. Ambulatory colorectal surgery represents an evolution in this approach, merging these concepts under the framework of standardized, high-quality surgical practices. This method encompasses comprehensive preoperative preparation, anesthesia and analgesia, surgical and nutritional interventions, and a team-managed postoperative rehabilitation protocol. Recent initiatives at our institution have sought to refine the synergy between NOSES and ERAS through the adoption of minimally invasive techniques, advanced pain management strategies, and holistic nursing care. This, along with stringent preoperative planning and thorough postoperative follow-up, significantly reduces both the physical and psychological impact on patients undergoing surgery. This paper presents a case study of a rectal cancer patient treated with NOSES to explore the practicality and determinants of executing a day-case surgery model for the radical treatment of colorectal cancer.