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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (05) : 404 -414. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2023.05.007

论著

基于SEER数据库手术后原发性阑尾肿瘤患者预后列线图构建与验证
王立涛, 刘恩瑞, 李振鲁, 吴昌亮, 高鹏()   
  1. 266000 青岛大学附属医院急诊外科
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-13 出版日期:2023-10-25
  • 通信作者: 高鹏
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2020QH165)

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival in patients with primary appendiceal tumors after surgery based on the SEER database

Litao Wang, Enrui Liu, Zhenlu Li, Changliang Wu, Peng Gao()   

  1. Department of Emergency Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
  • Received:2023-04-13 Published:2023-10-25
  • Corresponding author: Peng Gao
引用本文:

王立涛, 刘恩瑞, 李振鲁, 吴昌亮, 高鹏. 基于SEER数据库手术后原发性阑尾肿瘤患者预后列线图构建与验证[J]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2023, 12(05): 404-414.

Litao Wang, Enrui Liu, Zhenlu Li, Changliang Wu, Peng Gao. Development and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival in patients with primary appendiceal tumors after surgery based on the SEER database[J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2023, 12(05): 404-414.

目的

探讨原发性阑尾肿瘤患者手术后影响生存的独立危险因素,构建并验证列线图,帮助识别高危患者,制定个体化治疗方案。

方法

回顾性收集美国Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)数据库2010~2015年诊断为阑尾肿瘤的患者临床资料,随机分为训练队列和验证队列。采用多因素Cox回归分析影响原发性阑尾肿瘤术后患者总生存期(OS)的独立危险因素,开发了一种新的列线图模型,并通过内部验证进行评估。

结果

年龄、病理分型、肿瘤分化、N分期、M分期、淋巴结清扫数量、CEA状态是影响术后阑尾肿瘤患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。该列线图训练队列的C指数为0.811(95%CI:0.797~0.825),验证队列的C指数为0.844(95%CI:0.819~0.869)。1、3、5年总生存率ROC曲线下面积(AUC)在训练队列和验证队列中分别为0.807、0.849、0.824和0.857、0.862、0.825。采用X年10次200折交叉验证,进一步验证预测模型区分不同结局事件患者的能力。校准曲线和临床决策曲线(DCA)显示具有良好的一致性和临床获益。风险分级系统将所有患者分为三组,Kaplan-Meier曲线显示不同组间OS具有良好的分层和区分能力。

结论

我们开发了一种新的列线图模型来预测原发性阑尾肿瘤术后OS。此外,风险分级系统有助于准确评估预后和指导治疗。

Objective

Exploring the independent risk factors that affect the survival of patients with primary appendiceal tumors after surgery, constructing and validating column charts to help identify high-risk patients, and developing personalized treatment plans.

Methods

We retrospectively collected clinical data from patients diagnosed with appendiceal tumors in the American Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015, and randomly divided them into a training set and a validation set. Multiple factor Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors that affect overall survival (OS) in patients with primary appendiceal tumors after surgery. A new column chart model was developed and evaluated through internal validation.

Results

Age, Pathology type, Tumor stage, N-stage, M-stage, lymph node dissection quantity, and CEA status were identified as independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of postoperative appendiceal tumor patients (P<0.05). The C-index of the column chart training set was 0.811 (95% CI: 0.797~0.825), and the C-index of the validation set was 0.844 (95% CI: 0.819~0.869). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates was 0.807, 0.849, and 0.824 in the training set, and 0.857, 0.862, and 0.825 in the validation set, respectively. Further validation of the predictive model's ability to distinguish between different outcome events was performed using X-year 10-fold 200-fold cross-validation. The calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) showed good consistency and clinical benefits. The risk grading system divided all patients into three groups, and the Kaplan-Meier curve showed good stratification and discrimination ability between different groups regarding OS.

Conclusions

We developed a new column chart model to predict postoperative overall survival (OS) in patients with primary appendiceal tumors. In addition, the risk grading system helps accurately assess prognosis and guide treatment.

表1 人口统计学特征[例(%)]
变量 总队列(n=3 777) 训练队列(n=2 833) 验证队列(n=944) χ2 P
种族 0.932 0.628
白色人种 3 154(83.5) 2 375(83.8) 779(82.5)
黑色人种 396(10.5) 290(10.2) 106(11.2)
其他 227(6.0) 168(5.9) 59(6.2)
性别 1.142 0.285
女性 2 123(56.2) 1 607(56.7) 516(54.7)
男性 1 654(43.8) 1 226(43.3) 428(45.3)
诊断时年龄(岁) 0.760 0.783
<60 2 261(59.9) 1 700(60) 561(59.4)
≥60 1 516(40.1) 1 133(40) 383(40.6)
病理分型 0.980 0.913
腺癌 1 387(36.7) 1 039(36.7) 348(36.9)
类癌 1 155(30.6) 863(30.5) 292(30.9)
杯状细胞腺癌 388(10.3) 298(10.5) 90(9.5)
神经内分泌肿瘤 332(8.8) 251(8.9) 81(8.6)
其他 515(13.6) 382(13.5) 133(14.1)
肿瘤分化 4.832 0.305
高分化 1 595(42.2) 1 208(42.6) 387(41)
中分化 1 010(26.7) 737(26) 273(28.9)
低分化 469(12.4) 362(12.8) 107(11.3)
未分化 86(2.3) 68(2.4) 18(1.9)
其他 617(16.3) 458(16.2) 159(16.8)
肿瘤分期 2.401 0.662
0 27(0.7) 20(0.7) 7(0.7)
1 605(42.5) 1 187(41.9) 418(44.3)
1 059(28.0) 801(28.3) 258(27.3)
446(11.8) 333(11.8) 113(12)
640(16.9) 492(17.4) 148(15.7)
T分期 2.608 0.625
Tis 27(0.7) 20(0.7) 7(0.7)
T1 1 437(38.0) 1 062(37.5) 375(39.7)
T2 325(8.6) 240(8.5) 85(9)
T3 905(24.0) 682(24.1) 223(23.6)
T4 1 083(28.7) 829(29.3) 254(26.9)
N分期 0.258 0.879
N0 3 074(81.4) 2 302(81.3) 772(81.8)
N1 462(12.2) 347(12.2) 115(12.2)
N2 241(6.4) 184(6.5) 57(6)
M分期 1.317 0.251
M0 3 137(83.1) 2 341(82.6) 796(84.3)
M1 640(16.9) 492(17.4) 148(15.7)
淋巴结清扫数量(个) 0.932 0.614
未清扫 1 501(39.7) 1 119(39.5) 382(40.5)
<12 540(14.3) 414(14.6) 126(13.3)
≥12 1 736(46.0) 1 300(45.9) 436(46.2)
CEA 1.142 0.417
阴性 438(11.6) 323(11.4) 115(12.2)
阳性 375(9.9) 291(10.3) 84(8.9)
不详 2 964(78.5) 2 219(78.3) 745(78.9)
化疗 0.760 0.301
无/不详 2 795(74.0) 2 109(74.4) 686(72.7)
982(26.0) 724(25.6) 258(27.3)
肿瘤大小(cm) 0.980 0.516
≤2 1 980(52.4) 1 476(52.1) 504(53.4)
>2 1 797(47.6) 1 357(47.9) 440(46.6)
表2 基于训练队列的单因素与多因素Cox回归分析
变量 单因素分析 多因素分析
HR(95%CI P HR(95%CI P
种族
白色人种 1 1
黑色人种 1.2(0.96~1.48) 0.105 1.12(0.9~1.39) 0.307
其他 1.37(1.05~1.79) 0.021 1.14(0.87~1.49) 0.347
性别
女性 1 1
男性 1.17(1.02~1.35) 0.024 1.15(1~1.32) 0.055
年龄(岁)
<60 1 1
≥60 2.62(2.28~3.02) <0.001 1.87(1.61~2.16) <0.001
病理分型
腺癌 1 1
类癌 0.1(0.08~0.14) <0.001 0.4(0.26~0.61) <0.001
杯状细胞腺癌 0.44(0.35~0.56) <0.001 0.83(0.63~1.09) 0.178
神经内分泌肿瘤 0.16(0.11~0.24) <0.001 0.52(0.32~0.82) 0.006
其他 0.76(0.63~0.91) 0.003 0.85(0.7~1.02) 0.082
肿瘤分化
高分化 1 1
中分化 2.72(2.24~3.31) <0.001 1.45(1.17~1.79) <0.001
低分化 7.45(6.11~9.08) <0.001 2.4(1.91~3.03) <0.001
未分化 8.99(6.55~12.35) <0.001 2.3(1.63~3.25) <0.001
其他 1.43(1.11~1.84) 0.006 1.29(0.98~1.69) 0.007
肿瘤分期
0 1
0.41(0.15~1.12) 0.083
1.47(0.55~3.95) 0.446
2.54(0.94~6.85) 0.066
4.86(1.81~13.02) 0.002
T分期
Tis 1 1
T1 0.36(0.13~0.98) 0.046 0.78(0.28~2.21) 0.639
T2 0.76(0.27~2.13) 0.602 0.88(0.31~2.49) 0.813
T3 1.51(0.56~4.07) 0.413 1.1(0.41~2.97) 0.856
T4 3.87(1.45~10.36) 0.007 1.73(0.64~4.68) 0.283
N分期
N0 1 1
N1 2.59(2.09~2.99) <0.001 1.8(1.47~2.2) <0.001
N2 9.81(8.19~11.76) <0.001 3.26(2.61~4.08) <0.001
M分期
M0 1 1
M1 4.63(4.02~5.33) <0.001 1.46(1.46~2.08) <0.001
淋巴结清扫数量
未清扫 1 1
<12 2.98(2.42~3.67) <0.001 1.14(0.91~1.43) 0.257
≥12 2.28(1.92~2.72) <0.001 0.74(0.6~0.91) 0.004
CEA
阴性 1 1
阳性 1.93(1.54~2.43) <0.001 1.45(1.14~1.84) 0.002
不详 0.54(0.45~0.66) <0.001 1.28(1.05~1.57) 0.015
化疗
无/不详 1
3.51(3.06~4.03) <0.001
肿瘤大小(cm)
≤2 1 1
>2 3.02(2.59~3.51) <0.001 1(0.84~1.19) 0.996
图1 Lasso回归进行交叉验证和回归分析。1A:交叉验证;1B:Lasso回归路径图
图2 列线图预测手术后阑尾肿瘤患者的总生存期(OS)
图3 列线图1年、3年、5年总生存期ROC曲线。A1~A3:训练队列;B1~B3:验证队列
图4 3年和5年10次200折交叉验证可视化小提琴图。4A:训练队列;4B:验证队列
图5 列线图1、3、5年总生存率校准曲线。A1~A3:训练队列;B1~B3:验证队列
图6 列线图1、3、5年总生存率临床决策曲线。6A:训练队列;6B:验证队列
表3 训练队列和验证队列1、3、5年临床决策曲线下面积(AUDC)
图7 风险分级系统。7A~7B:预测总分数的最优截断值;7C:根据总队列的OS绘制不同风险等级的Kaplan-Meier曲线
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