切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (01) : 2 -15. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2021.01.002

所属专题: 文献 指南共识

指南与共识

中国结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗指南(V 2020)
中国医师协会外科医师分会, 中华医学会外科分会胃肠外科学组, 中华医学会外科分会结直肠外科学组, 中华医学会肿瘤学分会结直肠肿瘤学组, 中国抗癌协会大肠癌专业委员会, 中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专业委员会, 中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)结直肠癌专家委员会, 中国医师协会外科医师分会结直肠外科医师委员会, 中国医师协会肛肠医师分会肿瘤转移委员会, 中国医疗保健国际交流促进会结直肠癌肝转移治疗专业委员会   
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-07 出版日期:2021-02-25

China guideline for diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of colorectal liver metastases(version 2020)

Chinese College of Surgeons, Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Branch of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, Section of Colorectal Surgery, Branch of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, Section of Colorectal Oncology, Oncology Branch, Chinese Medical Association, Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee, Chinese Anti⁃Cancer Association, Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Colorectal Cancer Expert Committee, Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, Chinese Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Chinese College of Surgeons, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Metastasis Research Committee, Anorectal Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Colorectal Liver Metastases Professional Committee, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care   

  • Received:2020-12-07 Published:2021-02-25
引用本文:

中国医师协会外科医师分会, 中华医学会外科分会胃肠外科学组, 中华医学会外科分会结直肠外科学组, 中华医学会肿瘤学分会结直肠肿瘤学组, 中国抗癌协会大肠癌专业委员会, 中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专业委员会, 中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)结直肠癌专家委员会, 中国医师协会外科医师分会结直肠外科医师委员会, 中国医师协会肛肠医师分会肿瘤转移委员会, 中国医疗保健国际交流促进会结直肠癌肝转移治疗专业委员会. 中国结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗指南(V 2020)[J]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2021, 10(01): 2-15.

Chinese College of Surgeons, Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Branch of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, Section of Colorectal Surgery, Branch of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, Section of Colorectal Oncology, Oncology Branch, Chinese Medical Association, Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee, Chinese Anti⁃Cancer Association, Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Colorectal Cancer Expert Committee, Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, Chinese Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Chinese College of Surgeons, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Metastasis Research Committee, Anorectal Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Colorectal Liver Metastases Professional Committee, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care. China guideline for diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of colorectal liver metastases(version 2020)[J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2021, 10(01): 2-15.

肝脏是结直肠癌血行转移最主要的靶器官,结直肠癌肝转移是结直肠癌治疗的重点和难点之一。为了提高我国结直肠癌肝转移的诊断和综合治疗水平,自2008年开始编写《中国结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗指南》并后续进行了多次修订,以期指导对结直肠癌肝转移患者进行全面评估,个性化地制定治疗目标,开展相应的综合治疗,达到预防结直肠癌肝转移的发生、提高肝转移灶手术切除率和改善5年生存率的目的。本次修订后的2020版《指南》包括结直肠癌肝转移的诊断和随访、预防、MDT作用、手术治疗和局部毁损治疗、可达到“无疾病证据”状态结直肠癌肝转移的新辅助和辅助治疗、无法达到“无疾病证据”状态结直肠癌肝转移的综合治疗等六部分,汇集总结国内外该领域的先进经验和最新成果,内容详尽,可操作性强。

The liver is the most common anatomical site for hematogenous metastases of colorectal cancer, and colorectal liver metastasis is one of the most difficult and challenging situations in the treatment of colorectal cancer. In order to improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment in China, the Guidelines have been edited and revised for several times since 2008, including the overall evaluation, personalized treatment goals and comprehensive treatments,to prevent the occurrence of liver metastases, improve the resection rate of liver metastases and survival. The revised Guideline version 2020 includes the diagnosis and follow-up, prevention,multidisciplinary team (MDT), surgery and local ablative treatment, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, and comprehensive treatment, with state-of-the-art experience and findings, detailed content, and strong operability.

图1 结直肠癌确诊时肝转移的诊断
图2 结直肠癌肝转移的预防
图3 结直肠癌确诊时合并肝转移的治疗(转移灶可切除)
图4 结直肠癌确诊时合并肝转移的治疗(转移灶不能切除)
图5 结直肠癌根治术后发现的肝转移的治疗
图6 不可切除结直肠癌肝转移的化疗
68
KlautkeG, FietkauR. Intensified neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a review[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2007, 22(5): 457-465.

URL    
69
MartijnseIS, DudinkRL, KustersM, et al. T3+ and T4 rectal cancer patients seem to benefit from the addition of oxaliplatin to the neoadjuvant chemoradiation regimen[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(2): 392-401.

URL    
70
Sebag-MontefioreD, StephensRJ, SteeleR, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy versus selective postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer (MRC CR07 and NCIC-CTG C016): a multicentre, randomised trial[J]. Lancet, 2009, 373(9666): 811-820.
71
SiegelR, BurockS, WerneckeKD, et al. Preoperative short-course radiotherapy versus combined radiochemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a multi-centre prospectively randomised study of the Berlin Cancer Society[J]. BMC Cancer, 2009, 9: 50.
72
BujkoK, WyrwiczL, RutkowskiA, et al. Long-course oxaliplatin-based preoperative chemoradiation versus 5 × 5 Gy and consolidation chemotherapy for cT4 or fixed cT3 rectal cancer: results of a randomized phase III study[J]. Ann Oncol, 2016, 27(5): 834-842.
73
VermaasM, GosselinkMP, FerenschildFT, et al. Introduction of preoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of operable rectal cancer in the Southwest region of the Netherlands[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2007, 33(7): 862-867.
74
CercekA, RoxburghCSD, StrombomP, et al. Adoption of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2018, 4(6): e180071.
75
PetrelliF, TrevisanF, CabidduM, et al. Total neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment outcomes[J]. Ann Surg, 2020, 271(3): 440-448.
76
XuJ, ZhongY, WeixinN, et al. Preoperative hepatic and regional arterial chemotherapy in the prevention of liver metastasis after colorectal cancer surgery[J]. Ann Surg, 2007, 245(4): 583-590.
77
ChangW, WeiY, RenL, et al. Randomized controlled trial of intraportal chemotherapy combined with adjuvant chemotherapy (mFOLFOX6) for stage II and III colon cancer[J]. Ann Surg, 2016, 263(3): 434-439.
78
SugiharaK, OhtsuA, ShimadaY, et al. Safety analysis of FOLFOX4 treatment in colorectal cancer patients: a comparison between two Asian studies and four Western studies[J]. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2012, 11(2): 127-137.
79
Rodríguez-MorantaF, SalóJ, ArcusaA, et al. Postoperative surveillance in patients with colorectal cancer who have undergone curative resection: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(3): 386-393.
80
AndréT, BoniC, NavarroM, et al. Improved overall survival with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment in stage II or III colon cancer in the MOSAIC trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(19): 3109-3116.
81
KueblerJP, WieandHS, O'ConnellMJ, et al. Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III colon cancer: results from NSABP C-07[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2007, 25(16): 2198-2204.
82
TveitKM, WiigJN, OlsenDR, et al. Combined modality treatment including intraoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer[J]. Radiother Oncol, 1997, 44(3): 277-282.
83
YuTK, BhosalePR, CraneCH, et al. Patterns of locoregional recurrence after surgery and radiotherapy or chemoradiation for rectal cancer[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2008, 71(4): 1175-1180.
84
FennellML, DasIP, ClauserS, et al. The organization of multidisciplinary care teams: modeling internal and external influences on cancer care quality[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 2010, 2010(40): 72-80.
85
RabinowitzB. Interdisciplinary breast cancer care: declaring and improving the standard[J]. Oncology (Williston Park), 2004, 18(10): 1263-1268; discussion 1268-1270, 1275.
86
NordlingerB, VautheyJN, PostonG, et al. The timing of chemotherapy and surgery for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases[J]. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2010, 9(4): 212-218.
87
WrightFC, De VitoC, LangerB, et al. Multidisciplinary cancer conferences: a systematic review and development of practice standards[J]. Eur J Cancer, 2007, 43(6): 1002-1010.

URL    
88
JungSM, HongYS, KimTW, et al. Impact of a multidisciplinary team approach for managing advanced and recurrent colorectal cancer[J]. World J Surg, 2018, 42(7): 2227-2233.
89
DaviesAR, DeansDA, PenmanI, et al. The multidisciplinary team meeting improves staging accuracy and treatment selection for gastro-esophageal cancer[J]. Dis Esophagus, 2006, 19(6): 496-503.
90
FleissigA, JenkinsV, CattS, et al. Multidisciplinary teams in cancer care: are they effective in the UK?[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2006, 7(11): 935-943.
91
GabelM, HiltonNE, NathansonSD. Multidisciplinary breast cancer clinics. Do they work?[J]. Cancer, 1997, 79(12): 2380-2384.
92
SchiergensTS, von EinemJ, ThomasMN, et al. Multidisciplinary treatment of colorectal liver metastases[J]. Minerva Med, 2017, 108(6): 527-546.
93
CarterS, GarsideP, BlackA. Multidisciplinary team working, clinical networks, and chambers; opportunities to work differently in the NHS[J]. Qual Saf Health Care, 2003, 12(Suppl 1): i25-28.
94
RummansTA, ClarkMM, SloanJA, et al. Impacting quality of life for patients with advanced cancer with a structured multidisciplinary intervention: a randomized controlled trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(4): 635-642.
95
DuCZ, LiJ, CaiY, et al. Effect of multidisciplinary team treatment on outcomes of patients with gastrointestinal malignancy[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17(15): 2013-2018.
96
MacDermidE, HootonG, MacDonaldM, et al. Improving patient survival with the colorectal cancer multi-disciplinary team[J]. Colorectal Dis, 2009, 11(3): 291-295.
97
ObiasVJ, ReynoldsHL, Jr. Multidisciplinary teams in the management of rectal cancer[J]. Clin Colon Rectal Surg, 2007, 20(3): 143-147.
98
WanisKN, Pineda-SolisK, Tun-AbrahamME, et al. Management of colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases: impact of multidisciplinary case conference review[J]. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr, 2017, 6(3): 162-169.
99
LanYT, JiangJK, ChangSC, et al. Improved outcomes of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases in the era of the multidisciplinary teams[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2016, 31(2): 403-411.
1
AdamR, VinetE. Regional treatment of metastasis: surgery of colorectal liver metastases[J]. Ann Oncol, 2004, 15 (Suppl 4): iv103-106.
2
SiegelRL, MillerKD, Goding SauerA, et al. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2020, 70(3): 145-164.
3
GiannisD, SiderisG, KakosCD, et al. The role of liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and pooled analysis[J]. Transplant Rev (Orlando), 2020, 34(4): 100570.
4
TaniaiN, AkimaruK, YoshidaH, et al. Surgical treatment for better prognosis of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer[J]. Hepatogastroenterology, 2007, 54(78): 1805-1809.
5
QinS, LiuGJ, HuangM, et al. The local efficacy and influencing factors of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation in colorectal liver metastases: a review of a 4-year experience at a single center[J]. Int J Hyperthermia, 2019, 36(1): 36-43.
6
ArruM, AldrighettiL, CastoldiR, et al. Analysis of prognostic factors influencing long-term survival after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. World J Surg, 2008, 32(1): 93-103.

URL    
7
VibertE, CanedoL, AdamR. Strategies to treat primary unresectable colorectal liver metastases[J]. Semin Oncol, 2005, 32(6 Suppl 8): 33-39.
8
HongYS, SongSY, LeeSI, et al. A phase II trial of capecitabine in previously untreated patients with advanced and/or metastatic gastric cancer[J]. Ann Oncol, 2004, 15(9): 1344-1347.
9
StewartCL, WarnerS, ItoK, et al. Cytoreduction for colorectal metastases: liver, lung, peritoneum, lymph nodes, bone, brain. When does it palliate, prolong survival, and potentially cure?[J]. Curr Probl Surg, 2018, 55(9): 330-379.
10
de JongMC, PulitanoC, RiberoD, et al. Rates and patterns of recurrence following curative intent surgery for colorectal liver metastasis: an international multi-institutional analysis of 1669 patients[J]. Ann Surg, 2009, 250(3): 440-448.
11
GiulianteF, ArditoF, VelloneM, et al. Role of the surgeon as a variable in long-term survival after liver resection for colorectal metastases[J]. J Surg Oncol, 2009, 100(7): 538-545.
12
NorénA, SandströmP, GunnarsdottirK, et al. Identification of inequalities in the selection of liver surgery for colorectal liver metastases in Sweden[J]. Scand J Surg, 2018, 107(4): 294-301.
13
MargonisGA, SergentanisTN, Ntanasis-StathopoulosI, et al. Impact of surgical margin width on recurrence and overall survival following r0 hepatic resection of colorectal metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Ann Surg, 2018, 267(6): 1047-1055.
14
YangAD, BrouquetA, VautheyJN. Extending limits of resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: risk benefit ratio[J]. J Surg Oncol, 2010, 102(8): 996-1001.
15
SharmaS, CamciC, JabbourN. Management of hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancers: an update[J]. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2008, 15(6): 570-580.

URL    
16
TimmermanRD, BizekisCS, PassHI, et al. Local surgical, ablative, and radiation treatment of metastases[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2009, 59(3): 145-170.
17
LvY, FengQY, WeiY, et al. Benefits of multi-disciplinary treatment strategy on survival of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis[J]. Clin Transl Med, 2020, 10(3).
100
Look HongNJ, GagliardiAR, BronskillSE, et al. Multidisciplinary cancer conferences: exploring obstacles and facilitators to their implementation[J]. J Oncol Pract, 2010, 6(2): 61-68.
101
BentremDJ, DematteoRP, BlumgartLH. Surgical therapy for metastatic disease to the liver[J]. Annu Rev Med, 2005, 56: 139-156.
102
AkgülÖ, ÇetinkayaE, ErsözŞ, et al. Role of surgery in colorectal cancer liver metastases[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(20): 6113-6122.
103
MayoSC, PawlikTM. Current management of colorectal hepatic metastasis[J]. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009, 3(2): 131-144.
104
PostonGJ. Radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases: where are we really going?[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(7): 1342-1344.
105
HurH, KoYT, MinBS, et al. Comparative study of resection and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of solitary colorectal liver metastases[J]. Am J Surg, 2009, 197(6): 728-736.
106
ReuterNP, WoodallCE, ScogginsCR, et al. Radiofrequency ablation vs. resection for hepatic colorectal metastasis: therapeutically equivalent?[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2009, 13(3): 486-491.

URL    
107
DexiangZ, LiR, YeW, et al. Outcome of patients with colorectal liver metastasis: analysis of 1,613 consecutive cases[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(9): 2860-2868.

URL    
108
KhanAS, Garcia-ArozS, AnsariMA, et al. Assessment and optimization of liver volume before major hepatic resection: Current guidelines and a narrative review[J]. Int J Surg, 2018, 52: 74-81.
109
BéginA, MartelG, LapointeR, et al. Accuracy of preoperative automatic measurement of the liver volume by CT-scan combined to a 3D virtual surgical planning software (3DVSP)[J]. Surg Endosc, 2014, 28(12): 3408-3412.

URL    
110
YanTD, PadangR, XiaH, et al. Management of involved or close resection margins in 120 patients with colorectal liver metastases: edge cryotherapy can achieve long-term survival[J]. Am J Surg, 2006, 191(6): 735-742.
111
BlazerDG, 3rd, KishiY, MaruDM, et al. Pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy: a new outcome end point after resection of hepatic colorectal metastases[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(33): 5344-5351.
112
JaeckD. The significance of hepatic pedicle lymph nodes metastases in surgical management of colorectal liver metastases and of other liver malignancies[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2003, 10(9): 1007-1011.

URL    
113
PulitanòC, BodingbauerM, AldrighettiL, et al. Colorectal liver metastasis in the setting of lymph node metastasis: defining the benefit of surgical resection[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(2): 435-442.

URL    
114
MargonisGA, BuettnerS, AndreatosN, et al. Prognostic factors change over time after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases: a multi-institutional, international analysis of 1099 patients[J]. Ann Surg, 2019, 269(6): 1129-1137.
115
JaeckD, OussoultzoglouE, RossoE. Hepatectomy for colorectal metastases in the presence of extrahepatic disease[J]. Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2007, 16(3): 507-523, viii.

URL    
18
AdamR, de GramontA, FiguerasJ, et al. Managing synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a multidisciplinary international consensus[J]. Cancer Treat Rev, 2015, 41(9): 729-741.
19
BipatS, van LeeuwenMS, IjzermansJN, et al. Evidence-base guideline on management of colorectal liver metastases in the Netherlands[J]. Neth J Med, 2007, 65(1): 5-14.
20
MonteilJ, Le Brun-LyV, CachinF, et al. Comparison of 18FDG-PET/CT and conventional follow-up methods in colorectal cancer: A randomised prospective study[J]. Dig Liver Dis, 2020.
21
GourietF, Tissot-DupontH, CasaltaJP, et al. FDG-PET/CT Incidental Detection of Cancer in Patients Investigated for Infective Endocarditis[J]. Front Med (Lausanne), 2020, 7: 535.
22
CoenegrachtsK, De GeeterF, ter BeekL, et al. Comparison of MRI (including SS SE-EPI and SPIO-enhanced MRI) and FDG-PET/CT for the detection of colorectal liver metastases[J]. Eur Radiol, 2009, 19(2): 370-379.

URL    
23
JonesOM, ReesM, JohnTG, et al. Biopsy of resectable colorectal liver metastases causes tumour dissemination and adversely affects survival after liver resection[J]. Br J Surg, 2005, 92(9): 1165-1168.
24
KoshariyaM, JagadRB, KawamotoJ, et al. An update and our experience with metastatic liver disease[J]. Hepatogastroenterology, 2007, 54(80): 2232-2239.
25
KomborozosVA, SkrekasGJ, PissiotisCA. The contribution of follow-up programs in the reduction of mortality of rectal cancer recurrences[J]. Dig Surg, 2001, 18(5): 403-408.
26
TsikitisVL, MalireddyK, GreenEA, et al. Postoperative surveillance recommendations for early stage colon cancer based on results from the clinical outcomes of surgical therapy trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(22): 3671-3676.
27
PfisterDG, BensonAB, 3rd, SomerfieldMR. Clinical practice. Surveillance strategies after curative treatment of colorectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2004, 350(23): 2375-2382.
28
LockerGY, HamiltonS, HarrisJ, et al. ASCO 2006 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(33): 5313-5327.
29
DeschCE, BensonAB, 3rd, SomerfieldMR, et al. Colorectal cancer surveillance: 2005 update of an American Society of Clinical Oncology practice guideline[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(33): 8512-8519.
30
RexDK, KahiCJ, LevinB, et al. Guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance after cancer resection: a consensus update by the American Cancer Society and US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2006, 56(3): 160-167; quiz 185-166.
31
RexDK, KahiCJ, LevinB, et al. Guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance after cancer resection: a consensus update by the American Cancer Society and the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer[J]. Gastroenterology, 2006, 130(6): 1865-1871.
32
ModestDP, RicardI, HeinemannV, et al. Outcome according to KRAS-, NRAS- and BRAF-mutation as well as KRAS mutation variants: pooled analysis of five randomized trials in metastatic colorectal cancer by the AIO colorectal cancer study group[J]. Ann Oncol, 2016, 27(9): 1746-1753.
33
TherkildsenC, BergmannTK, Henrichsen-SchnackT, et al. The predictive value of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA and PTEN for anti-EGFR treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Acta Oncol, 2014, 53(7): 852-864.

URL    
116
AdamR, de HaasRJ, WichertsDA, et al. Is hepatic resection justified after chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases and lymph node involvement?[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(22): 3672-3680.
117
ZizzoM, GaleoneC, BragliaL, et al. Long-Term Outcomes after Surgical Resection for Synchronous or Metachronous Hepatic and Pulmonary Colorectal Cancer Metastases[J]. Digestion, 2020, 101(2): 144-155.
118
PulitanòC, BodingbauerM, AldrighettiL, et al. Liver resection for colorectal metastases in presence of extrahepatic disease: results from an international multi-institutional analysis[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2011, 18(5): 1380-1388.

URL    
119
TurriniO, ViretF, GuiramandJ, et al. Strategies for the treatment of synchronous liver metastasis[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2007, 33(6): 735-740.
120
ZhaoDB, ShanY, WangCF, et al. Surgical treatment for colorectal cancer with simultaneous hepatic metastasis[J]. Chinese Journal of Oncology, 2007, 29(7): 552-554.
121
ChangGJ, KaiserAM, MillsS, et al. Practice parameters for the management of colon cancer[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2012, 55(8): 831-843.

URL    
122
CapussottiL, FerreroA, ViganòL, et al. Major liver resections synchronous with colorectal surgery[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2007, 14(1): 195-201.

URL    
123
NakajimaK, TakahashiS, SaitoN, et al. Predictive factors for anastomotic leakage after simultaneous resection of synchronous colorectal liver metastasis[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2012, 16(4): 821-827.

URL    
124
HatwellC, BretagnolF, FargesO, et al. Laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer facilitates simultaneous surgery of synchronous liver metastases[J]. Colorectal Dis, 2013, 15(1): e21-28.
125
SchnitzbauerAA, LangSA, GoessmannH, et al. Right portal vein ligation combined with in situ splitting induces rapid left lateral liver lobe hypertrophy enabling 2-staged extended right hepatic resection in small-for-size settings[J]. Ann Surg, 2012, 255(3): 405-414.
126
RoxburghCS, RichardsCH, MougSJ, et al. Determinants of short- and long-term outcome in patients undergoing simultaneous resection of colorectal cancer and synchronous colorectal liver metastases[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2012, 27(3): 363-369.

URL    
127
SlupskiM, WlodarczykZ, JasinskiM, et al. Outcomes of simultaneous and delayed resections of synchronous colorectal liver metastases[J]. Can J Surg, 2009, 52(6): E241-244.
128
NanjiS, MackillopWJ, WeiX, et al. Simultaneous resection of primary colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases: a population-based study[J]. Can J Surg, 2017, 60(2): 122-128.
129
de JongMC, van DamRM, MaasM, et al. The liver-first approach for synchronous colorectal liver metastasis: a 5-year single-centre experience[J]. HPB (Oxford), 2011, 13(10): 745-752.
130
de JongMC, BeckersRCJ, van WoerdenV, et al. The liver-first approach for synchronous colorectal liver metastases: more than a decade of experience in a single centre[J]. HPB (Oxford), 2018, 20(7): 631-640.
131
BrouquetA, MortensonMM, VautheyJN, et al. Surgical strategies for synchronous colorectal liver metastases in 156 consecutive patients: classic, combined or reverse strategy?[J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2010, 210(6): 934-941.
34
SchirripaM, CremoliniC, LoupakisF, et al. Role of NRAS mutations as prognostic and predictive markers in metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. Int J Cancer, 2015, 136(1): 83-90.
35
BrudvikKW, MiseY, ChungMH, et al. RAS Mutation predicts positive resection margins and narrower resection margins in patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2016, 23(8): 2635-2643.
36
PassotG, ChunYS, KopetzSE, et al. Prognostic factors after resection of colorectal liver metastases following preoperative second-line chemotherapy: Impact of RAS mutations[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2016, 42(9): 1378-1384.
37
MargonisGA, BuettnerS, AndreatosN, et al. Anatomical resections improve disease-free survival in patients with KRAS-mutated colorectal liver metastases[J]. Ann Surg, 2017, 266(4): 641-649.
38
SorichMJ, WieseMD, RowlandA, et al. Extended RAS mutations and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody survival benefit in metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials[J]. Ann Oncol, 2015, 26(1): 13-21.
39
MaoC, YangZY, HuXF, et al. PIK3CA exon 20 mutations as a potential biomarker for resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Ann Oncol, 2012, 23(6): 1518-1525.
40
KopetzS, GrotheyA, YaegerR, et al. Encorafenib, binimetinib, and cetuximab in BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2019, 381(17): 1632-1643.
41
Van CutsemE, HuijbertsS, GrotheyA, et al. Binimetinib, encorafenib, and cetuximab triplet therapy for patients with BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: safety lead-in results from the phase III BEACON colorectal cancer study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2019, 37(17): 1460-1469.
42
GurenTK, ThomsenM, KureEH, et al. Cetuximab in treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: final survival analyses and extended RAS data from the NORDIC-VII study[J]. Br J Cancer, 2017, 116(10): 1271-1278.
43
SinicropeFA, ShiQ, AllegraCJ, et al. Association of DNA mismatch repair and mutations in BRAF and KRAS with survival after recurrence in stage III colon cancers : A secondary analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2017, 3(4): 472-480.
44
PikoulisE, MargonisGA, AndreatosN, et al. Prognostic role of BRAF Mutations in colorectal cancer liver metastases[J]. Anticancer Res, 2016, 36(9): 4805-4811.
45
MoreiraL, BalaguerF, LindorN, et al. Identification of Lynch syndrome among patients with colorectal cancer[J]. Jama, 2012, 308(15): 1555-1565.
46
UmarA, BolandCR, TerdimanJP, et al. Revised Bethesda Guidelines for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite instability[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2004, 96(4): 261-268.
47
BuchananDD, ClendenningM, RostyC, et al. Tumor testing to identify lynch syndrome in two Australian colorectal cancer cohorts[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017, 32(2): 427-438.
48
ChenS, WatsonP, ParmigianiG. Accuracy of MSI testing in predicting germline mutations of MSH2 and MLH1: a case study in Bayesian meta-analysis of diagnostic tests without a gold standard[J]. Biostatistics, 2005, 6(3): 450-464.
49
HempelmannJA, LockwoodCM, KonnickEQ, et al. Microsatellite instability in prostate cancer by PCR or next-generation sequencing[J]. J Immunother Cancer, 2018, 6(1): 29.
132
WaisbergJ, IvankovicsIG. Liver-first approach of colorectal cancer with synchronous hepatic metastases: A reverse strategy[J]. World J Hepatol, 2015, 7(11): 1444-1449.
133
AbbottDE, CantorSB, HuCY, et al. Optimizing clinical and economic outcomes of surgical therapy for patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases[J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2012, 215(2): 262-270.
134
KellyME, SpolveratoG, LêGN, et al. Synchronous colorectal liver metastasis: a network meta-analysis review comparing classical, combined, and liver-first surgical strategies[J]. J Surg Oncol, 2015, 111(3): 341-351.
135
PelosiE, DeandreisD. The role of 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the management of patients with colorectal cancer[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2007, 33(1): 1-6.
136
TomlinsonJS, JarnaginWR, DeMatteoRP, et al. Actual 10-year survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases defines cure[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2007, 25(29): 4575-4580.
137
ShoupM, GonenM, D'AngelicaM, et al. Volumetric analysis predicts hepatic dysfunction in patients undergoing major liver resection[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2003, 7(3): 325-330.

URL    
138
SarpelU, BonaviaAS, GrucelaA, et al. Does anatomic versus nonanatomic resection affect recurrence and survival in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal liver metastasis?[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(2): 379-384.

URL    
139
HammondJS, GuhaIN, BeckinghamIJ, et al. Prediction, prevention and management of postresection liver failure[J]. Br J Surg, 2011, 98(9): 1188-1200.
140
PawlikTM, ScogginsCR, ZorziD, et al. Effect of surgical margin status on survival and site of recurrence after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases[J]. Ann Surg, 2005, 241(5): 715-722, discussion 722-714.
141
AyezN, LalmahomedZS, EggermontAM, et al. Outcome of microscopic incomplete resection (R1) of colorectal liver metastases in the era of neoadjuvant chemotherapy[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(5): 1618-1627.

URL    
142
PandanaboyanaS, WhiteA, PathakS, et al. Impact of margin status and neoadjuvant chemotherapy on survival, recurrence after liver resection for colorectal liver metastasis[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2015, 22(1): 173-179.
143
KokudoN, MikiY, SugaiS, et al. Genetic and histological assessment of surgical margins in resected liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma: minimum surgical margins for successful resection[J]. Arch Surg, 2002, 137(7): 833-840.
144
AdamR, MillerR, PitomboM, et al. Two-stage hepatectomy approach for initially unresectable colorectal hepatic metastases[J]. Surg Oncol Clin N Am, 2007, 16(3): 525-536, viii.

URL    
145
HasselgrenK, SandströmP, BjörnssonB. Role of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy in colorectal liver metastases: a review[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(15): 4491-4498.
146
BjörnssonB, SparrelidE, RøsokB, et al. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases--Intermediate oncological results[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2016, 42(4): 531-537.
147
AbbasiA, Rahnemai-AzarAA, MerathK, et al. Role of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation in staged hepatectomy (ALPPS)-strategy for colorectal liver metastases[J]. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 3: 66.
50
StellooE, JansenAML, OsseEM, et al. Practical guidance for mismatch repair-deficiency testing in endometrial cancer[J]. Ann Oncol, 2017, 28(1): 96-102.
51
MarshS, HoskinsJM. Irinotecan pharmacogenomics[J]. Pharmacogenomics, 2010, 11(7): 1003-1010.
52
BarbarinoJM, HaidarCE, KleinTE, et al. PharmGKB summary: very important pharmacogene information for UGT1A1[J]. Pharmacogenet Genomics, 2014, 24(3): 177-183.

URL    
53
HoskinsJM, GoldbergRM, QuP, et al. UGT1A1*28 genotype and irinotecan-induced neutropenia: dose matters[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2007, 99(17): 1290-1295.
54
GulerI, AskanG, KlostergaardJ, et al. Precision medicine for metastatic colorectal cancer: an evolving era[J]. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 13(10): 919-931.
55
AllgäuerM, BudcziesJ, ChristopoulosP, et al. Implementing tumor mutational burden (TMB) analysis in routine diagnostics-a primer for molecular pathologists and clinicians[J]. Transl Lung Cancer Res, 2018, 7(6): 703-715.
56
GongJ, Chehrazi-RaffleA, ReddiS, et al. Development of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors as a form of cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review of registration trials and future considerations[J]. J Immunother Cancer, 2018, 6(1): 8.
57
CoccoE, ScaltritiM, DrilonA. NTRK fusion-positive cancers and TRK inhibitor therapy[J]. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2018, 15(12): 731-747.
58
ArtaleS, Sartore-BianchiA, VeroneseSM, et al. Mutations of KRAS and BRAF in primary and matched metastatic sites of colorectal cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(25): 4217-4219.
59
Etienne-GrimaldiMC, FormentoJL, FrancoualM, et al. K-Ras mutations and treatment outcome in colorectal cancer patients receiving exclusive fluoropyrimidine therapy[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2008, 14(15): 4830-4835.
60
KnijnN, MekenkampLJ, KlompM, et al. KRAS mutation analysis: a comparison between primary tumours and matched liver metastases in 305 colorectal cancer patients[J]. Br J Cancer, 2011, 104(6): 1020-1026.
61
OkunoK. Surgical treatment for digestive cancer. Current issues-colon cancer[J]. Dig Surg, 2007, 24(2): 108-114.
62
BorschitzT, WachtlinD, MöhlerM, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation and local excision for T2-3 rectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2008, 15(3): 712-720.

URL    
63
ReadTE, AndujarJE, CaushajPF, et al. Neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: histologic response of the primary tumor predicts nodal status[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2004, 47(6): 825-831.

URL    
64
ChauI, ChanS, CunninghamD. Overview of preoperative and postoperative therapy for colorectal cancer: the European and United States perspectives[J]. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2003, 3(1): 19-33.
65
PeetersKC, MarijnenCA, NagtegaalID, et al. The TME trial after a median follow-up of 6 years: increased local control but no survival benefit in irradiated patients with resectable rectal carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg, 2007, 246(5): 693-701.
66
van GijnW, MarijnenCA, NagtegaalID, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer: 12-year follow-up of the multicentre, randomised controlled TME trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2011, 12(6): 575-582.

URL    
67
KenneckeH, LimH, WoodsR, et al. Outcomes of unselected patients with pathologic T3N0 rectal cancer[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2012, 105(2): 214-219.

URL    
148
BertensKA, HawelJ, LungK, et al. ALPPS: challenging the concept of unresectability--a systematic review[J]. Int J Surg, 2015, 13: 280-287.
149
SpampinatoMG, MandaláL, QuartaG, et al. One-stage, totally laparoscopic major hepatectomy and colectomy for colorectal neoplasm with synchronous liver metastasis: safety, feasibility and short-term outcome[J]. Surgery, 2013, 153(6): 861-865.
150
RattiF, SchaddeE, MasettiM, et al. Strategies to increase the resectability of patients with colorectal liver metastases: a multi-center case-match analysis of ALPPS and conventional two-stage hepatectomy[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2015, 22(6): 1933-1942.
151
FaberW, SeehoferD, NeuhausP, et al. Repeated liver resection for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2011, 26(7): 1189-1194.
152
AdamR, HotiE, BredtLC. Evolution of neoadjuvant therapy for extended hepatic metastases--have we reached our (non-resectable) limit?[J]. J Surg Oncol, 2010, 102(8): 922-931.
153
KanzakiR, HigashiyamaM, OdaK, et al. Outcome of surgical resection for recurrent pulmonary metastasis from colorectal carcinoma[J]. Am J Surg, 2011, 202(4): 419-426.

URL    
154
EliasD, BenizriE, PocardM, et al. Treatment of synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastases from colorectal cancer[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2006, 32(6): 632-636.
155
CarpizoDR, D'AngelicaM. Liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer in the presence of extrahepatic disease[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(9): 2411-2421.

URL    
156
ClearyJM, TanabeKT, LauwersGY, et al. Hepatic toxicities associated with the use of preoperative systemic therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma to the liver[J]. Oncologist, 2009, 14(11): 1095-1105.
157
TanakaK, AdamR, ShimadaH, et al. Role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of multiple colorectal metastases to the liver[J]. Br J Surg, 2003, 90(8): 963-969.
158
LeonardGD, BrennerB, KemenyNE. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before liver resection for patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(9): 2038-2048.
159
AdamsRB, HallerDG, RohMS. Improving resectability of hepatic colorectal metastases: expert consensus statement by Abdalla et al[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2006, 13(10): 1281-1283.

URL    
160
BenoistS, BrouquetA, PennaC, et al. Complete response of colorectal liver metastases after chemotherapy: does it mean cure?[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(24): 3939-3945.
161
ChiappaA, BertaniE, MakuuchiM, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by hepatectomy for primarily resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases[J]. Hepatogastroenterology, 2009, 56(91-92): 829-834.
162
FujisakiS, TakashinaM, SuzukiS, et al. Does complete response of liver metastases from colorectal cancer after chemotherapy mean cure?[J]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 2013, 40(12): 1662-1664.
163
GruenbergerB, ScheithauerW, PunzengruberR, et al. Importance of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in potentially curable colorectal cancer liver metastases[J]. BMC Cancer, 2008, 8: 120.
164
FolprechtG, GrotheyA, AlbertsS, et al. Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases: correlation between tumour response and resection rates[J]. Ann Oncol, 2005, 16(8): 1311-1319.
165
MenthaG, MajnoP, TerrazS, et al. Treatment strategies for the management of advanced colorectal liver metastases detected synchronously with the primary tumour[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2007, 33 (Suppl 2): S76-83.
166
NordlingerB, SorbyeH, GlimeliusB, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983): a randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2008, 371(9617): 1007-1016.
167
AloiaT, SebaghM, PlasseM, et al. Liver histology and surgical outcomes after preoperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer liver metastases[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(31): 4983-4990.
168
KarouiM, PennaC, Amin-HashemM, et al. Influence of preoperative chemotherapy on the risk of major hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases[J]. Ann Surg, 2006, 243(1): 1-7.
169
KataokaK, KanazawaA, NakajimaA, et al. Feasibility and potential benefit of preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastasis (CLM): a single-centered retrospective study[J]. Surg Today, 2013, 43(10): 1154-1161.

URL    
170
MalikHZ, FaridS, Al-MuktharA, et al. A critical appraisal of the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases: a case-controlled study[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2007, 14(12): 3519-3526.

URL    
171
StrakaM, SkrovinaM, SoumarovaR, et al. Up front hepatectomy for metastatic rectal carcinoma - reversed, liver first approach. Early experience with 15 patients[J]. Neoplasma, 2014, 61(4): 447-452.

URL    
172
WelshFK, TilneyHS, TekkisPP, et al. Safe liver resection following chemotherapy for colorectal metastases is a matter of timing[J]. Br J Cancer, 2007, 96(7): 1037-1042.
173
FernandezFG, RitterJ, GoodwinJW, et al. Effect of steatohepatitis associated with irinotecan or oxaliplatin pretreatment on resectability of hepatic colorectal metastases[J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2005, 200(6): 845-853.
174
PawlikTM, OlinoK, GleisnerAL, et al. Preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases: impact on hepatic histology and postoperative outcome[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2007, 11(7): 860-868.

URL    
175
VautheyJN, PawlikTM, RiberoD, et al. Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(13): 2065-2072.
176
GomezD, MalikHZ, BonneyGK, et al. Steatosis predicts postoperative morbidity following hepatic resection for colorectal metastasis[J]. Br J Surg, 2007, 94(11): 1395-1402.
177
NakanoH, OussoultzoglouE, RossoE, et al. Sinusoidal injury increases morbidity after major hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases receiving preoperative chemotherapy[J]. Ann Surg, 2008, 247(1): 118-124.
178
AdamR, WichertsDA, de HaasRJ, et al. Complete pathologic response after preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases: myth or reality?[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(10): 1635-1641.
179
HorganPG. Surgical management of disappearing colorectal liver metastases (Br J Surg 2013; 100: 1414-1420)[J]. Br J Surg, 2013, 100(11): 1420.
180
van VledderMG, de JongMC, PawlikTM, et al. Disappearing colorectal liver metastases after chemotherapy: should we be concerned?[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2010, 14(11): 1691-1700.

URL    
181
AdamR, DelvartV, PascalG, et al. Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to predict long-term survival[J]. Ann Surg, 2004, 240(4): 644-657; discussion 657-648.
182
BenoistS, NordlingerB. Neoadjuvant treatment before resection of liver metastases[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2007, 33 (Suppl 2): S35-41.
183
PoultsidesGA, ServaisEL, SaltzLB, et al. Outcome of primary tumor in patients with synchronous stage IV colorectal cancer receiving combination chemotherapy without surgery as initial treatment[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(20): 3379-3384.
184
ReddySK, BarbasAS, ClaryBM. Synchronous colorectal liver metastases: is it time to reconsider traditional paradigms of management?[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(9): 2395-2410.

URL    
185
CoskunU, BuyukberberS, YamanE, et al. Xelox (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy of unresectable liver metastases in colorectal cancer patients[J]. Neoplasma, 2008, 55(1): 65-70.
186
GruenbergerB, TamandlD, SchuellerJ, et al. Bevacizumab, capecitabine, and oxaliplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with potentially curable metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(11): 1830-1835.
187
MehtaNN, RavikumarR, ColdhamCA, et al. Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on liver resection for colorectal liver metastases[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2008, 34(7): 782-786.
188
ParkinE, O'ReillyDA, AdamR, et al. The effect of hepatic steatosis on survival following resection of colorectal liver metastases in patients without preoperative chemotherapy[J]. HPB (Oxford), 2013, 15(6): 463-472.
189
ClancyTE, DixonE, PerlisR, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion after curative resection of colorectal cancer metastases: a meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2005, 9(2): 198-206.

URL    
190
KemenyN, EidA, StockmanJ, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine and dexamethasone plus high-dose Mitomycin C for patients with unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma[J]. J Surg Oncol, 2005, 91(2): 97-101.
191
KemenyN, JarnaginW, PatyP, et al. Phase I trial of systemic oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy with hepatic arterial infusion in patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(22): 4888-4896.
192
AndreT, BoniC, NavarroM, et al. Improved overall survival with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment in stage II or III colon cancer in the MOSAIC trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(19): 3109-3116.
193
KishiY, ZorziD, ContrerasCM, et al. Extended preoperative chemotherapy does not improve pathologic response and increases postoperative liver insufficiency after hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2010, 17(11): 2870-2876.

URL    
194
BenoistS, NordlingerB. The role of preoperative chemotherapy in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(9): 2385-2390.

URL    
195
ChotiMA. Chemotherapy-associated hepatotoxicity: do we need to be concerned?[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(9): 2391-2394.

URL    
196
SamantasE, DervenisC, RigatosSK. Adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer: evidence on improvement in survival[J]. Dig Dis, 2007, 25(1): 67-75.
197
AdamR, BhanguiP, PostonG, et al. Is perioperative chemotherapy useful for solitary, metachronous, colorectal liver metastases?[J]. Ann Surg, 2010, 252(5): 774-787.
198
SchwarzRE, BerlinJD, LenzHJ, et al. Systemic cytotoxic and biological therapies of colorectal liver metastases: expert consensus statement[J]. HPB (Oxford), 2013, 15(2): 106-115.
199
VadeyarHJ. Current therapeutic options for colorectal liver metastases[J]. Indian J Gastroenterol, 2007, 26(1): 26-29.
200
De GreefK, RolfoC, RussoA, et al. Multisciplinary management of patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2016, 22(32): 7215-7225.
201
GoereD, BenhaimL, BonnetS, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of colorectal liver metastases in patients at high risk of hepatic recurrence: a comparative study between hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin and modern systemic chemotherapy[J]. Ann Surg, 2013, 257(1): 114-120.
202
HouseMG, KemenyNE, GonenM, et al. Comparison of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy with or without hepatic arterial infusional chemotherapy after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg, 2011, 254(6): 851-856.
203
KemenyNE, JarnaginWR, CapanuM, et al. Randomized phase II trial of adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion and systemic chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with resected hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2011, 29(7): 884-889.

URL    
204
AbdallaEK. Commentary: Radiofrequency ablation for colorectal liver metastases: do not blame the biology when it is the technology[J]. Am J Surg, 2009, 197(6): 737-739.
205
FolprechtG, GruenbergerT, BechsteinWO, et al. Tumour response and secondary resectability of colorectal liver metastases following neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cetuximab: the CELIM randomised phase 2 trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2010, 11(1): 38-47.

URL    
206
AdamR. Chemotherapy and surgery: new perspectives on the treatment of unresectable liver metastases[J]. Ann Oncol, 2003, 14 (Suppl 2): ii13-16.
207
GoldbergRM, SargentDJ, MortonRF, et al. Randomized controlled trial of reduced-dose bolus fluorouracil plus leucovorin and irinotecan or infused fluorouracil plus leucovorin and oxaliplatin in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: a North American Intergroup Trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(21): 3347-3353.
208
CalsL, RixeO, FrancoisE, et al. Dose-finding study of weekly 24-h continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil associated with alternating oxaliplatin or irinotecan in advanced colorectal cancer patients[J]. Ann Oncol, 2004, 15(7): 1018-1024.
209
FalconeA, RicciS, BrunettiI, et al. Phase III trial of infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) compared with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2007, 25(13): 1670-1676.
210
TournigandC, AndreT, AchilleE, et al. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2004, 22(2): 229-237.
211
HochsterHS, HartLL, RamanathanRK, et al. Safety and efficacy of oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine regimens with or without bevacizumab as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results of the TREE Study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(21): 3523-3529.
212
GoereD, DeshaiesI, de BaereT, et al. Prolonged survival of initially unresectable hepatic colorectal cancer patients treated with hepatic arterial infusion of oxaliplatin followed by radical surgery of metastases[J]. Ann Surg, 2010, 251(4): 686-691.
213
MahnkenAH, PereiraPL, de BaereT. Interventional oncologic approaches to liver metastases[J]. Radiology, 2013, 266(2): 407-430.

URL    
214
NishiofukuH, TanakaT, AramakiT, et al. Hepatic arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil for patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer refractory to standard systemic chemotherapy: a multicenter, retrospective analysis[J]. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2010, 9(5): 305-310.
215
KabbinavarFF, SchulzJ, McCleodM, et al. Addition of bevacizumab to bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase II trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(16): 3697-3705.
216
SaltzLB, ClarkeS, Diaz-RubioE, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(12): 2013-2019.
217
Van CutsemE, KöhneCH, HitreE, et al. Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(14): 1408-1417.
218
FrakerDL, SoulenM. Regional therapy of hepatic metastases[J]. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am, 2002, 16(4): 947-967.
219
CirocchiR, TrastulliS, AbrahaI, et al. Non-resection versus resection for an asymptomatic primary tumour in patients with unresectable stage IV colorectal cancer[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012, (8): CD008997.
220
NitzkorskiJR, FarmaJM, WatsonJC, et al. Outcome and natural history of patients with stage IV colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy without primary tumor resection[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2012, 19(2): 379-383.

URL    
221
ColucciG, GebbiaV, PaolettiG, et al. Phase III randomized trial of FOLFIRI versus FOLFOX4 in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: a multicenter study of the Gruppo Oncologico Dell'Italia Meridionale[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(22): 4866-4875.
222
NorenA, ErikssonHG, OlssonLI. Selection for surgery and survival of synchronous colorectal liver metastases; a nationwide study[J]. Eur J Cancer, 2016, 53: 105-114.
223
Rubbia-BrandtL, GiostraE, BrezaultC, et al. Importance of histological tumor response assessment in predicting the outcome in patients with colorectal liver metastases treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by liver surgery[J]. Ann Oncol, 2007, 18(2): 299-304.
224
YuQ, ZhangL, FanS, et al. The significance of transarterial chemoembolization combined with systemic chemotherapy for patients with KRAS wild-type unresectable metachronous colorectal carcinoma with liver metastases[J]. J Cancer Res Ther, 2016, 12(Supplement): C205-C211.
225
GhiringhelliF, VincentJ, BengrineL, et al. Hepatic arterial chemotherapy with raltitrexed and oxaliplatin versus standard chemotherapy in unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after conventional chemotherapy failure (HEARTO): a randomized phase-II study[J]. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2019, 145(9): 2357-2363.
226
KindlerHL, ShulmanKL. Metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. Curr Treat Options Oncol, 2001, 2(6): 459-471.
227
LiuY, WuW, HongW, et al. Raltitrexed-based chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer[J]. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2014, 38(2): 219-225.
228
ZelekL, BugatR, CherquiD, et al. Multimodal therapy with intravenous biweekly leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan combined with hepatic arterial infusion pirarubicin in non-resectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer (a European Association for Research in Oncology trial)[J]. Ann Oncol, 2003, 14(10): 1537-1542.
229
FahyBN, D'AngelicaM, DeMatteoRP, et al. Synchronous hepatic metastases from colon cancer: changing treatment strategies and results of surgical intervention[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2009, 16(2): 361-370.

URL    
230
PiessevauxH, BuyseM, SchlichtingM, et al. Use of early tumor shrinkage to predict long-term outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2013, 31(30): 3764-3775.

URL    
231
SuzukiC, BlomqvistL, SundinA, et al. The initial change in tumor size predicts response and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with combination chemotherapy[J]. Ann Oncol, 2012, 23(4): 948-954.
232
YeLC, WeiY, ZhuDX, et al. Impact of early tumor shrinkage on clinical outcome in wild-type-KRAS colorectal liver metastases treated with cetuximab[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 30(4): 674-679.
233
AlbertsSR, HorvathWL, SternfeldWC, et al. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for patients with unresectable liver-only metastases from colorectal cancer: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group phase II study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(36): 9243-9249.
234
GiacchettiS, ItzhakiM, GruiaG, et al. Long-term survival of patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases following infusional chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and surgery[J]. Ann Oncol, 1999, 10(6): 663-669.
235
PernotS, ArtruP, MithieuxF, et al. Complete pathological response of unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after trans-arterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads loaded with irinotecan (DEBIRI) and concomitant systemic FOLFOX: A case report from the FFCD 1201 trial[J]. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 2015, 39(6): e73-77.
236
TangW, RenL, LiuT, et al. Bevacizumab plus mFOLFOX6 versus mFOLFOX6 alone as first-line treatment for RAS mutant unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastases: The BECOME randomized controlled trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2020, 38(27): 3175-3184.
237
YeLC, LiuTS, RenL, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cetuximab plus chemotherapy for patients with KRAS wild-type unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastases[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2013, 31(16): 1931-1938.

URL    
238
KarapetisCS, JonkerD, DaneshmandM, et al. PIK3CA, BRAF, and PTEN status and benefit from cetuximab in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer--results from NCIC CTG/AGITG CO.17[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2014, 20(3): 744-753.
239
GarufiC, TorselloA, TumoloS, et al. Cetuximab plus chronomodulated irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal liver metastases: POCHER trial[J]. Br J Cancer, 2010, 103(10): 1542-1547.
240
SouglakosJ, AndroulakisN, SyrigosK, et al. FOLFOXIRI (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) vs FOLFIRI (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan) as first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC): a multicentre randomised phase III trial from the Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG)[J]. Br J Cancer, 2006, 94(6): 798-805.
241
CremoliniC, LoupakisF, AntoniottiC, et al. FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: updated overall survival and molecular subgroup analyses of the open-label, phase 3 TRIBE study[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2015, 16(13): 1306-1315.
242
SteinA, AtanackovicD, HildebrandtB, et al. Upfront FOLFOXIRI+bevacizumab followed by fluoropyrimidin and bevacizumab maintenance in patients with molecularly unselected metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. Br J Cancer, 2015, 113(6): 872-877.
243
TomaselloG, PetrelliF, GhidiniM, et al. FOLFOXIRI Plus bevacizumab as conversion therapy for patients with initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review and pooled analysis[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2017, 3(7): e170278.
244
EsinE, YalcinS. Maintenance strategy in metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review[J]. Cancer Treat Rev, 2016, 42: 82-90.
245
GoeyKKH, EliasSG, van TinterenH, et al. Maintenance treatment with capecitabine and bevacizumab versus observation in metastatic colorectal cancer: updated results and molecular subgroup analyses of the phase 3 CAIRO3 study[J]. Ann Oncol, 2017, 28(9): 2128-2134.
246
Hegewisch-BeckerS, GraevenU, LerchenmullerCA, et al. Maintenance strategies after first-line oxaliplatin plus fluoropyrimidine plus bevacizumab for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (AIO 0207): a randomised, non-inferiority, open-label, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2015, 16(13): 1355-1369.
247
SimkensLH, van TinterenH, MayA, et al. Maintenance treatment with capecitabine and bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer (CAIRO3): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial of the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group[J]. Lancet, 2015, 385(9980): 1843-1852.
248
SteinA, SchwenkeC, FolprechtG, et al. Effect of application and intensity of bevacizumab-based maintenance after induction chemotherapy with bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis[J]. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2016, 15(2): e29-39.
249
SonbolMB, MountjoyLJ, FirwanaB, et al. The role of maintenance strategies in metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2020, 6(3): e194489.
250
AparicioT, GhiringhelliF, BoigeV, et al. Bevacizumab maintenance versus no maintenance during chemotherapy-free intervals in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III trial (PRODIGE 9)[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(7): 674-681.
251
XuRH, MuroK, MoritaS, et al. Modified XELIRI (capecitabine plus irinotecan) versus FOLFIRI (leucovorin, fluorouracil, and irinotecan), both either with or without bevacizumab, as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (AXEPT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2018, 19(5): 660-671.
252
DucreuxM, MalkaD, MendiboureJ, et al. Sequential versus combination chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (FFCD 2000-05): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2011, 12(11): 1032-1044.

URL    
253
KoopmanM, AntoniniNF, DoumaJ, et al. Sequential versus combination chemotherapy with capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer (CAIRO): a phase III randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2007, 370(9582): 135-142.
254
SeymourMT, MaughanTS, LedermannJA, et al. Different strategies of sequential and combination chemotherapy for patients with poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS): a randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2007, 370(9582): 143-152.
255
GrotheyA, Van CutsemE, SobreroA, et al. Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CORRECT): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet, 2013, 381(9863): 303-312.

URL    
256
LiJ, QinS, XuRH, et al. Effect of fruquintinib vs placebo on overall survival in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: the FRESCO randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA, 2018, 319(24): 2486-2496.
257
MayerRJ, Van CutsemE, FalconeA, et al. Randomized trial of TAS-102 for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(20): 1909-1919.
258
ShitaraK, DoiT, DvorkinM, et al. Trifluridine/tipiracil versus placebo in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic gastric cancer (TAGS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2018, 19(11): 1437-1448.
259
BennounaJ, BorgC, DelordJP, et al. Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the phase II BEVACOLOR study[J]. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2012, 11(1): 38-44.
260
IwamotoS, HazamaS, KatoT, et al. Multicenter phase II study of second-line cetuximab plus folinic acid/5-fluorouracil/irinotecan (FOLFIRI) in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: the FLIER study[J]. Anticancer Res, 2014, 34(4): 1967-1973.

URL    
261
HurwitzH, FehrenbacherL, NovotnyW, et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2004, 350(23): 2335-2342.
262
LeDT, UramJN, WangH, et al. PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(26): 2509-2520.
263
MarabelleA, LeDT, AsciertoPA, et al. Efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with noncolorectal high microsatellite instability/mismatch repair-deficient cancer: results from the phase II KEYNOTE-158 study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2020, 38(1): 1-10.
264
LeDT, DurhamJN, SmithKN, et al. Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade[J]. Science, 2017, 357(6349): 409-413.
265
YaghoubiN, SoltaniA, GhazviniK, et al. PD-1/ PD-L1 blockade as a novel treatment for colorectal cancer[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2019, 110: 312-318.
266
JinZ, SinicropeFA. Advances in the therapy of BRAF(V600E) metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 2019, 19(9): 823-829.
267
PrahalladA, SunC, HuangS, et al. Unresponsiveness of colon cancer to BRAF(V600E) inhibition through feedback activation of EGFR[J]. Nature, 2012, 483(7387): 100-103.

URL    
268
Meric-BernstamF, HurwitzH, RaghavKPS, et al. Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab for HER2-amplified metastatic colorectal cancer (MyPathway): an updated report from a multicentre, open-label, phase 2a, multiple basket study[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2019, 20(4): 518-530.
269
Sartore-BianchiA, TrusolinoL, MartinoC, et al. Dual-targeted therapy with trastuzumab and lapatinib in treatment-refractory, KRAS codon 12/13 wild-type, HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer (HERACLES): a proof-of-concept, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2016, 17(6): 738-746.
270
ChanDL, AlzahraniNA, MorrisDL, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy as bridging therapy for colorectal liver metastases[J]. Surg Oncol, 2015, 24(3): 162-171.
271
D'AngelicaMI, Correa-GallegoC, PatyPB, et al. Phase II trial of hepatic artery infusional and systemic chemotherapy for patients with unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: conversion to resection and long-term outcomes[J]. Ann Surg, 2015, 261(2): 353-360.
272
McAuliffeJC, QadanM, D'AngelicaMI. Hepatic resection, hepatic arterial infusion pump therapy, and genetic biomarkers in the management of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer[J]. J Gastrointest Oncol, 2015, 6(6): 699-708.
273
LevyJ, ZuckermanJ, GarfinkleR, et al. Intra-arterial therapies for unresectable and chemorefractory colorectal cancer liver metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. HPB (Oxford), 2018, 20(10): 905-915.
274
MinochaJ, SalemR, LewandowskiRJ. Transarterial chemoembolization and yittrium-90 for liver cancer and other lesions[J]. Clin Liver Dis, 2014, 18(4): 877-890.

URL    
275
AmmoriJB, KemenyNE, FongY, et al. Conversion to complete resection and/or ablation using hepatic artery infusional chemotherapy in patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a decade of experience at a single institution[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(9): 2901-2907.

URL    
276
MocellinS, PasqualiS, NittiD. Fluoropyrimidine-HAI (hepatic arterial infusion) versus systemic chemotherapy (SCT) for unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2009, (3): CD007823.
277
FelibertiEC, WagmanLD. Radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma[J]. Cancer Control, 2006, 13(1): 48-51.
278
HammillCW, BillingsleyKG, CasseraMA, et al. Outcome after laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of technically resectable colorectal liver metastases[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2011, 18(7): 1947-1954.

URL    
279
LivraghiT, SolbiatiL, MeloniMF, et al. Treatment of focal liver tumors with percutaneous radio-frequency ablation: complications encountered in a multicenter study[J]. Radiology, 2003, 226(2): 441-451.
280
BerberE, TsinbergM, TelliogluG, et al. Resection versus laparoscopic radiofrequency thermal ablation of solitary colorectal liver metastasis[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2008, 12(11): 1967-1972.

URL    
281
BrouquetA, AndreouA, VautheyJN. The management of solitary colorectal liver metastases[J]. Surgeon, 2011, 9(5): 265-272.
282
KnudsenAR, KannerupAS, MortensenFV, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy[J]. Acta Radiol, 2009, 50(7): 716-721.
283
SipersteinAE, BerberE, BallemN, et al. Survival after radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases: 10-year experience[J]. Ann Surg, 2007, 246(4): 559-565; discussion 565-557.
284
RhimH, LimHK, KimYS, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors: lessons learned from 3000 procedures[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2008, 23(10): 1492-1500.
285
FacciorussoA, Di MasoM, MuscatielloN. Microwave ablation versus radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Hyperthermia, 2016, 32(3): 339-344.
286
XuZ, XieH, ZhouL, et al. The combination strategy of transarterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation or microwave ablation against hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst), 2019, 2019: 8619096.
287
ZhangX, ChenB, HuS, et al. Microwave ablation with cooled-tip electrode for liver cancer: an analysis of 160 cases[J]. Hepatogastroenterology, 2008, 55(88): 2184-2187.
288
GrundmannRT, HermanekP, MerkelS, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of colorectal liver metastases - workflow[J]. Zentralbl Chir, 2008, 133(3): 267-284.
289
ShonoY, TabuseK, TsujiT, et al. Microwave coagulation therapy for unresectable colorectal metastatic liver tumor[J]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 2002, 29(6): 856-859.
290
ChenYY, PereraDS, YanTD, et al. Applying Fong's CRS liver score in patients with colorectal liver metastases treated by cryotherapy[J]. Asian J Surg, 2006, 29(4): 238-241.

URL    
291
SeifertJK, JungingerT. Prognostic factors for cryotherapy of colorectal liver metastases[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2004, 30(1): 34-40.
292
SeifertJK, JungingerT. Cryotherapy for liver tumors: current status, perspectives, clinical results, and review of literature[J]. Technol Cancer Res Treat, 2004, 3(2): 151-163.
293
GignouxBM, DucerfC, MabrutJY, et al. Cryosurgery of primary and metastatic cancers of the liver[J]. Ann Chir, 2001, 126(10): 950-959.
294
Austin-SeymourMM, ChenGT, CastroJR, et al. Dose volume histogram analysis of liver radiation tolerance[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 1986, 12(1): 31-35.
295
EbleMJ, GademannG, WannenmacherM. The value of radiotherapy for liver metastases[J]. Strahlenther Onkol, 1993, 169(8): 459-468.
296
YeoSG, KimDY, KimTH, et al. Whole-liver radiotherapy for end-stage colorectal cancer patients with massive liver metastases and advanced hepatic dysfunction[J]. Radiat Oncol, 2010, 5: 97.
297
MohiuddinM, ChenE, AhmadN. Combined liver radiation and chemotherapy for palliation of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 1996, 14(3): 722-728.
298
RusthovenKE, KavanaghBD, CardenesH, et al. Multi-institutional phase I/II trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver metastases[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(10): 1572-1578.
299
CollettiniF, SchnapauffD, PoellingerA, et al. Percutaneous CT-guided high-dose brachytherapy (CT-HDRBT) ablation of primary and metastatic lung tumors in nonsurgical candidates[J]. Rofo, 2012, 184(4): 316-323.

URL    
300
ComitoT, CozziL, ClericiE, et al. Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) in inoperable oligometastatic disease from colorectal cancer: a safe and effective approach[J]. BMC Cancer, 2014, 14: 619.
301
TselisN, FerentinosK, KolotasC, et al. Computed tomography-guided interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy in the local treatment of primary and secondary intrathoracic malignancies[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2011, 6(3): 545-552.

URL    
302
GoodmanKA, WiegnerEA, MaturenKE, et al. Dose-escalation study of single-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy for liver malignancies[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2010, 78(2): 486-493.
303
KatzAW, Carey-SampsonM, MuhsAG, et al. Hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for limited hepatic metastases[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2007, 67(3): 793-798.
304
SchefterTE, KavanaghBD, TimmermanRD, et al. A phase I trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for liver metastases[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2005, 62(5): 1371-1378.
305
WolpinBM, MayerRJ. Systemic treatment of colorectal cancer[J]. Gastroenterology, 2008, 134(5): 1296-1310.
306
GrotheyA, SugrueMM, PurdieDM, et al. Bevacizumab beyond first progression is associated with prolonged overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer: results from a large observational cohort study (BRiTE)[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(33): 5326-5334.
307
WelchS, SpithoffK, RumbleRB, et al. Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer: a systematic review[J]. Ann Oncol, 2010, 21(6): 1152-1162.
308
TolJ, KoopmanM, CatsA, et al. Chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(6): 563-572.
309
HechtJR, MitchellE, ChidiacT, et al. A randomized phase IIIB trial of chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and panitumumab compared with chemotherapy and bevacizumab alone for metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(5): 672-680.
310
SpigelDR, GrecoFA, WaterhouseD, et al. Phase II trial of FOLFOX6, bevacizumab, and cetuximab in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol, 2010, 8(7): 480-485, 498.
311
SatoY, MatsusakaS, SuenagaM, et al. Cetuximab could be more effective without prior bevacizumab treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer patients[J]. Onco Targets Ther, 2015, 8: 3329-3336.
312
BokemeyerC, BondarenkoI, MakhsonA, et al. Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with and without cetuximab in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(5): 663-671.
313
WongR, CunninghamD, BarbachanoY, et al. A multicentre study of capecitabine, oxaliplatin plus bevacizumab as perioperative treatment of patients with poor-risk colorectal liver-only metastases not selected for upfront resection[J]. Ann Oncol, 2011, 22(9): 2042-2048.
314
RaoulJL, Van LaethemJL, PeetersM, et al. Cetuximab in combination with irinotecan/5-fluorouracil/folinic acid (FOLFIRI) in the initial treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre two-part phase I/II study[J]. BMC Cancer, 2009, 9: 112.
315
Van CutsemE, KöhneCH, LángI, et al. Cetuximab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: updated analysis of overall survival according to tumor KRAS and BRAF mutation status[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2011, 29(15): 2011-2019.

URL    
316
PietrantonioF, CremoliniC, PetrelliF, et al. First-line anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in panRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2015, 96(1): 156-166.
317
De RoockW, PiessevauxH, De SchutterJ, et al. KRAS wild-type state predicts survival and is associated to early radiological response in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab[J]. Ann Oncol, 2008, 19(3): 508-515.
318
KarapetisCS, Khambata-FordS, JonkerDJ, et al. K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2008, 359(17): 1757-1765.
319
AmadoRG, WolfM, PeetersM, et al. Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(10): 1626-1634.
320
RothAD, TejparS, DelorenziM, et al. Prognostic role of KRAS and BRAF in stage II and III resected colon cancer: results of the translational study on the PETACC-3, EORTC 40993, SAKK 60-00 trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2010, 28(3): 466-474.
321
PriceTJ, HardinghamJE, LeeCK, et al. Impact of KRAS and BRAF gene mutation status on outcomes from the phase III AGITG MAX trial of capecitabine alone or in combination with bevacizumab and mitomycin in advanced colorectal cancer[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2011, 29(19): 2675-2682.

URL    
322
SaridakiZ, Papadatos-PastosD, TzardiM, et al. BRAF mutations, microsatellite instability status and cyclin D1 expression predict metastatic colorectal patients' outcome[J]. Br J Cancer, 2010, 102(12): 1762-1768.
323
MaughanTS, AdamsRA, SmithCG, et al. Addition of cetuximab to oxaliplatin-based first-line combination chemotherapy for treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: results of the randomised phase 3 MRC COIN trial[J]. Lancet, 2011, 377(9783): 2103-2114.

URL    
324
DouillardJY, SienaS, CassidyJ, et al. Randomized, phase III trial of panitumumab with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) versus FOLFOX4 alone as first-line treatment in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: the PRIME study[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2010, 28(31): 4697-4705.
325
McCormackL, PetrowskyH, JochumW, et al. Hepatic steatosis is a risk factor for postoperative complications after major hepatectomy: a matched case-control study[J]. Ann Surg, 2007, 245(6): 923-930.
326
Van CutsemE, RiveraF, BerryS, et al. Safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab with FOLFOX, XELOX, FOLFIRI and fluoropyrimidines in metastatic colorectal cancer: the BEAT study[J]. Ann Oncol, 2009, 20(11): 1842-1847.
327
LópezR, SalgadoM, ReboredoM, et al. A retrospective observational study on the safety and efficacy of first-line treatment with bevacizumab combined with FOLFIRI in metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. Br J Cancer, 2010, 103(10): 1536-1541.
328
ChaudhuryP, HassanainM, BouganimN, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with bevacizumab and liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastasis[J]. HPB (Oxford), 2010, 12(1): 37-42.
329
CartwrightTH, YimYM, YuE, et al. Survival outcomes of bevacizumab beyond progression in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated in US community oncology[J]. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2012, 11(4): 238-246.
330
HamamotoY, YamaguchiT, NishinaT, et al. A phase I/II study of XELIRI plus bevacizumab as second-line chemotherapy for Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (BIX study)[J]. Oncologist, 2014, 19(11): 1131-1132.

URL    
331
MasiG, SalvatoreL, BoniL, et al. Continuation or reintroduction of bevacizumab beyond progression to first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: final results of the randomized BEBYP trial[J]. Ann Oncol, 2015, 26(4): 724-730.
332
BennounaJ, PhelipJM, AndréT, et al. Observational cohort study of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer initiating chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab (CONCERT)[J]. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2017, 16(2): 129-140.e124.
333
YinC, MaG, RongY, et al. The efficacy of bevacizumab in different line chemotherapy for chinese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer[J]. J Cancer, 2016, 7(13): 1901-1906.
334
D'AngelicaM, KornpratP, GonenM, et al. Lack of evidence for increased operative morbidity after hepatectomy with perioperative use of bevacizumab: a matched case-control study[J]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2007, 14(2): 759-765.

URL    
335
ReddySK, MorseMA, HurwitzHI, et al. Addition of bevacizumab to irinotecan- and oxaliplatin-based preoperative chemotherapy regimens does not increase morbidity after resection of colorectal liver metastases[J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2008, 206(1): 96-106.
336
StarlingerP, AlidzanovicL, SchauerD, et al. Neoadjuvant bevacizumab persistently inactivates VEGF at the time of surgery despite preoperative cessation[J]. Br J Cancer, 2012, 107(6): 961-966.
337
ShitaraK, YamanakaT, DendaT, et al. REVERCE: a randomized phase II study of regorafenib followed by cetuximab versus the reverse sequence for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer patients[J]. Ann Oncol, 2019, 30(2): 259-265.
338
LiJ, QinS, XuR, et al. Regorafenib plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care in Asian patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CONCUR): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2015, 16(6): 619-629.
[1] 杨水华, 何桂丹, 覃桂灿, 梁蒙凤, 罗艳合, 李雪芹, 唐娟松. 胎儿孤立性完全型肺静脉异位引流的超声心动图特征及高分辨率血流联合时间-空间相关成像的应用[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2023, 20(10): 1061-1067.
[2] 中华医学会骨科学分会关节外科学组, 广东省医学会骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病分会, 广东省佛山市顺德区第三人民医院. 中国髋部脆性骨折术后抗骨质疏松药物临床干预指南(2023年版)[J]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 751-764.
[3] 李培杰, 乔永杰, 张浩强, 曾健康, 谭飞, 李嘉欢, 王静, 周胜虎. 细菌培养阴性的假体周围感染诊治的最新进展[J]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 827-833.
[4] 代莉, 邓恢伟, 郭华静, 黄芙蓉. 术中持续输注艾司氯胺酮对腹腔镜结直肠癌手术患者术后睡眠质量的影响[J]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 408-412.
[5] 王得晨, 杨康, 杨自杰, 归明彬, 屈莲平, 张小凤, 高峰. 结直肠癌微卫星稳定状态和程序性死亡、吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶关系的研究进展[J]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 462-465.
[6] 彭旭, 邵永孚, 李铎, 邹瑞, 邢贞明. 结肠肝曲癌的诊断和外科治疗[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(01): 108-110.
[7] 唐旭, 韩冰, 刘威, 陈茹星. 结直肠癌根治术后隐匿性肝转移危险因素分析及预测模型构建[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(01): 16-20.
[8] 张生军, 赵阿静, 李守博, 郝祥宏, 刘敏丽. 高糖通过HGF/c-met通路促进结直肠癌侵袭和迁移的实验研究[J]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(01): 21-24.
[9] 姜明, 罗锐, 龙成超. 闭孔疝的诊断与治疗:10年73例患者诊疗经验总结[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(06): 706-710.
[10] 关旭, 王锡山. 基于外科与免疫视角思考结直肠癌区域淋巴结处理的功与过[J]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2023, 12(06): 448-452.
[11] 顾睿祈, 方洪生, 蔡国响. 循环肿瘤DNA检测在结直肠癌诊治中的应用与进展[J]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2023, 12(06): 453-459.
[12] 袁媛, 赵良平, 刘智慧, 张丽萍, 谭丽梅, 閤梦琴. 子宫内膜癌组织中miR-25-3p、PTEN的表达及与病理参数的关系[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(9): 1016-1020.
[13] 李田, 徐洪, 刘和亮. 尘肺病的相关研究进展[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(08): 900-905.
[14] 周婷, 孙培培, 张二明, 安欣华, 向平超. 北京市石景山区40岁及以上居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断现状调查[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(07): 790-797.
[15] 孔凡彪, 杨建荣. 肝脏基础疾病与结直肠癌肝转移之间关系的研究进展[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2023, 17(07): 818-822.
阅读次数
全文


摘要