直肠癌术后局部复发是直肠癌治疗失败的主要原因，治疗方法有限，全身治疗主要有化疗和靶向治疗，局部治疗有手术、放疗及各种局部微创治疗。外放疗是目前最常用的治疗方法，但对复发肿瘤的控制并不理想。放射性粒子组织间植入近距离治疗直肠癌术后复发是近年来发展起来的一项新技术，因为具有显著的治疗效果，在临床上迅速得到了重视与认可。

The main reason of treatment failure in rectal cancer is postoperative local recurrence of rectal cancer.Treatment is limited,including systemic therapy and local treatment. Systemic treatment includes chemotherapy and molecular targeted treatment. Local therapy includes Surgery, radiotherapy and various minimally invasive treatment. External radiation therapy is the most commonly method of clinical treatment, but it is unsatisfactory for the control of recurrent tumor. Radioactive seed interstitial brachytherapy is a new developing therapeutic method with great efficacy in recent years, which has been paid more and more attention and recognition in clinical practice.