| [1] |
Klas J V, Rothenberger D A, Wong W D，et al.Malignant tumors of the anal canal：the spectrum of disease，treatment，and outcomes.Cancer，1999，85(8):1686-1693.
|
| [2] |
Roumen RMH.Anorectal melanoma in The Netherlands：a report of 63 patients.Eur J Surg Oncol，1996，22:598-601.
|
| [3] |
Bello DM, Smyth E, Perez D，et al.Anal versus rectal melanoma：does site of origin predict outcome? Dis Colon Rectum，2013，56(2):150-157.
|
| [4] |
Laforga Canales JB, Gasent Blesa JM.Amelanotic anorectal malignant melanoma：case report with immunohistochemical study and literature review.Case Rep Oncol，2009，2(1):30-37.
|
| [5] |
Heyn J, Placzek M, Ozimek A，et al.Malignant melanoma of the anal region.Clin Exp Dermatol，2007，32(5):603-607.
|
| [6] |
Weyandt GH, Eggert AO, Houf M，et al.Anorectal melanoma：surgical management guidelines according to tumour thickness.Br J Cancer，2003，89(11):2019-2022.
|
| [7] |
Heeney A, Mulsow J, Hyland JM.Treatment and outcomes of anorectal melanoma.Surgeon，2011，9(1):27-32.
|
| [8] |
Podnos YD, Tsai NC, Smith D，et al.Factors affecting survival in patients with anal melanoma.Am Surgeon，2006，72:917-920.
|
| [9] |
Malik A, Hull TL, Floruta C．What is the best surgical treatment for anorectal melanoma? Int J Colorectal Dis，2004，19(2):121-123.
|
| [10] |
Zhang S, Gao F, Wan D．Effect of misdiagnosis on the prognosis of anorectal malignant melanoma.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol，2010，136(9):1401-1405.
|
| [11] |
Chute DJ, Cousar JB, Mills SE.Anorectal malignant melanoma：morphologic and immunohistochemical features.Am J Clin Pathol，2006，126(1):93-100.
|
| [12] |
Kiran RP, Rottoli M, Pokala N，et al.Long-term outcomes after local excision and radical surgery for anal melanoma：data from a population database.Dis Colon Rectum，2010，53(4):402-408.
|
| [13] |
Yeh JJ, Shia J, Hwu WJ，et al.The role of abdominoperineal resection as surgical therapy for anorectal melanoma.Ann Surg，2006，244(6):1012-1017.
|
| [14] |
P Carcoforo, M.T Raiji, G.M，et al.Primary anorectal melanoma：an update.J Cancer，2012，3:449-453.
|
| [15] |
Iddings DM, Fleisig AJ, Chen SL，et al.Practice patterns and outcomes for anorectal melanoma in the USA，reviewing three decades of treatment：is more extensive surgical resection beneficial in all patients? Ann Surg Oncol，2010，17(1):40-44.
|
| [16] |
David AW, Perakath B．Management of anorectal melanomas：a 10-year review.Trop Gastroenterol，2007，28(2):76-78.
|
| [17] |
Chapman PB, Einhorn LH, Meyers ML，et al.Phase III multicenter randomized trial of the Dartmouth regimen versus dacarbazine in patients with metastatic melanoma.J Clin Oncol，1999，17(9):2745-2751.
|
| [18] |
Kelly P, Zagars GK, Cormier JN，et al.Sphincter-sparing local excision and hypofractionated radiation therapy for anorectal melanoma：A 20-Year Experience.Cancer，2011，117(20):4747-4755.
|