To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of one-time radical operation in the treatment of perianal abscess.

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data base and VIP database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020 for all randomized controlled trials on the treatment of perianal abscess by one-time radical incision. Two literature researchers screened and evaluated the detected literatures, extracted effective data, and used Revman 5.3 to conduct meta-analysis on the included literatures.

A total of 16 eligible articles and 1 867 patients were included for meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, one-time open radical operation could improve the clinical treatment efficiency [OR=4.21, 95%CI (3.01~5.90); P＜0.00001], reduce the postoperative VAS pain score [MD=-1.97, 95%CI (-2.41~-1.52); P＜0.00001], protect the normal anal function [OR=2.81, 95%CI (1.75~ 4.49); P＜0.0001], and shorten the wound healing time [MD=-8.15, 95%CI (-10.44~-5.86); P＜0.00001] and reduced the recurrence rate [OR=0.16, 95%CI (0.09~0.29); P＜0.00001].

The curative effect of one-time radical operation for perianal abscess is significant, which improves the clinical efficiency of perianal abscess patients, and is worthy of clinical application. However, there are some shortcomings in this study, such as low quality of literature, small sample size and so on, large sample, multicenter randomized double-blind literature is needed to provide clinical basis.