Laparoscopy has been widely used in the field of colorectal surgery. Compared with open surgery, it can reduce incision-related trauma and promote postoperative rehabilitation. However, in order to extract the specimens, laparoscopy-assisted surgery generally requires an abdominal incision, which increases the risk of postoperative pain and incision-related complications. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) aims to avoid abdominal incision and achieve scar-free surgery, which can not be popularized at present for the limitation of special instruments and difficult technologies. Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) emphasizes the specimen is removed through the natural lumen of the human body on the basis of the mature conventional minimally invasive technique, which can avoid the large incision of abdomen. Therefore, NOSES is easy to be accepted in theory and popularized in practice.