Anorectal malignant melanoma (ARMM) is a very rare digestive tract malignancy which is of high invasiveness and poor prognosis. It accounts for 0.05~4.6% of anorectal cancer. As ARMM lacks typical manifestation and is difficult to differentiate from other common digestive malignancies, it is difficult to make a correct diagnosis. ARMM has a poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. Surgery is still the main modality. In this paper, we analyzed and summarized the pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, and diagnosis and treatment progress by referring to the relevant literature and treatment guidelines. We hope to contribute to clinical treatment.