The last decade has seen a rapid increase in the reported incidence of ulcerative colitis(UC)in China.Outside specialized centers which dedicated in inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD), a lack of contemporary knowledge of management of UC(either diagnostic or medical or surgical)is still seen among many gastroenterologists and surgeons in the field of general surgery.This is mainly attributed to the relative low incidence of UC in history and lack of specialization of colorectal surgery in most hospitals.As compared to the contemporary concept of UC treatment worldwide, surgical management of UC in China differs in the following aspects: 1, a longer duration of medical therapy both in acute and chronic UC; 2, a significant lower rate of surgery; 3, a significant lower rate of use of ileal pouch anal anastomosis and a higher rate of ileorectal anastomosis; 4, poor cancer surveillance and delayed diagnosis of cancer in UC patients.To catch up with the western status of UC treatment, concerted efforts must be made in continuing education and setting up regional centers dedicated to IBD treatement and practice of multidisciplinary treatment and promoting the awareness of guidelines in UC management among physicians in primary hospitals.