Clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2015.04.08

Abstract

Abstract:

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(GEP-NETs)are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from the diffuse neuroendocrine system.Somatostatin analogs, initially developed for control of hormonal syndromes, have recently been used to inhibit tumor growth.The advent of new therapies such as newer drugs, targeting angiogenesis and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway for PNETs and carcinoid tumors have introduced a paradigm shift in the management of this heterogeneous malignancy.

Key words: Neuroendocrine tumors, Surgical procedures, operative, Chemotherapy, Biotherapy

Li-ming ZHU, Hai-jun ZHONG. Clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor[J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2015, 04(04): 385-391.

/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://zhjzcjbdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2015.04.08

https://zhjzcjbdzzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/Y2015/V04/I04/385

Figures/Tables 1

References 16

[1]	Adsay V. Ki67 labeling index in neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal and pancreatobiliary tract: to count or not to count is not the question, but rather how to count.Am J Surg Pathol, 2012, 36(12): 1743-1746.
[2]	Yachida S, Vakiani E, White CM, et al.Small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas are genetically similar and distinct from well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.Am J Surg Pathol, 2012, 36(2): 173-184.
[3]	Scarpa A, Mantovani W, Capelli P, et al.Pancreatic endocrine tumors: improved TNM staging and histopathological grading permit a clinically efficient prognostic stratification of patients.Mod Pathol, 2010, 23(6): 824-833.
[4]	Panzuto F, Boninsegna L, Fazio N, et al.Metastatic and locally advanced pancreatic endocrine carcinomas: analysis of factors associated with disease progression.J Clin Oncol, 2011, 10, 29(17): 2372-2377.
[5]	Dasari A, Yao JC.Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors: slow but steady progress.Oncology, 2014, 28(9): 201362.
[6]	Gilbert JA.Lanreotide delays progression of neuroendocrine tumours.Lancet Oncol, 2014, 15(10): 418.
[7]	Engstrom PF, Lavin PT, Moertel CG, et al.Streptozocin plus fluorouracil versus doxorubicin therapy for metastatic carcinoid tumor.J Clin Oncol, 1984, 2(11): 1255-1259.
[8]	Dahan L, Bonnetain F, Rougier P, et al.Phase III trial of chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil and streptozotocin compared with interferon alpha for advanced carcinoid tumors: FNCLCC-FFCD 9710.Endocr Relat Cancer, 2009, 16(4): 1351-1361.
[9]	Kulke MH, Bergsland EK, Ryan DP, et al.Phase II study of recombinant human endostatin in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors.J Clin Oncol, 2006, 24(22): 3555-3561.
[10]	Thearle MS, Freda PU, Bruce JN, et al.Temozolomide(Temodar®)and capecitabine(Xeloda®)treatment of an aggressive corticotroph pituitary tumor.Pituitary, 2011, 14(4): 418-424.
[11]	Hainsworth JD.Evolving understanding and management of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors.Clin Adv Hematol Oncol, 2013, 11(12): 805-806.
[12]	Rinke A, Müller HH, Schade-Brittinger C, et al.PROMID Study Group.Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID Study Group.J Clin Oncol, 2009, 27(28): 4656-4663.
[13]	Caplin ME, Pavel M, Ĉwikla JB, et al.CLARINET Investigators.Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.N Engl J Med, 2014, 371(3): 224-233.
[14]	Pavel ME, Hainsworth JD, Baudin E, et al.RADIANT-2 Study Group.Everolimus plus octreotide long-acting repeatable for the treatment of advanced neuroendocrinetumours associated withcarcinoid syndrome(RADIANT-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.Lancet, 2011, 378(9808): 2005-2012.
[15]	Yao JC, Shah MH, Ito T, et al.Everolimus for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.RAD001 in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors, Third Trial(RADIANT-3)Study Group.N Engl J Med, 2011, 364(6): 514-523.
[16]	Raymond E, Dahan L, Raoul JL, et al.Sunitinib malate for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.N Engl J Med, 2011, 364(6): 501-513.

分级	核分裂像数(10HPF)^a	Ki-67阳性指数(%)^b
G1，低级别	1	≤2
G2，中级别	2～20	3～20
G3，高级别	>20	>20

分级	核分裂像数(10HPF)^a	Ki-67阳性指数(%)^b
G1，低级别	1	≤2
G2，中级别	2～20	3～20
G3，高级别	>20	>20

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export