Sphincter preserving surgery has become the preferred technique in low rectal cancer treatanent.With the transformation of modern medical model and treatment methods progress, it requires that the surgeon needs not only "sphincter preserving" , but also "function preserving" . However abdominoperineal resection in some patients is still required.In the course of treatment, doctors need to consider various aspects of patients, combined with surgery skills, give individual choice of operation.In order to benefit more patients, doctors should improve the quality control of each step in the treatment process and establish standardized operation methods.