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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (01) : 58 -66. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2026.01.006

论著

STRA6、CYP24A1、NXPH4在结直肠癌肝转移中的表达及意义
于子清1, 李多,2(), 王欢1, 武雪亮3, 樊建春4, 韩笑5   
  1. 1075000 张家口,河北北方学院研究生学院
    2075000 张家口,河北北方学院附属第一医院消化内科
    3075000 张家口,河北北方学院附属第一医院普外科
    4075000 张家口,河北北方学院附属第一医院张家口肿瘤研究所
    5028000 通辽市人民医院手术麻醉科
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-17 出版日期:2026-02-25
  • 通信作者: 李多
  • 基金资助:
    河北省财政厅临床医学优秀人才培养项目(No. ZF2023239)

Expression and clinical significance of STRA6, CYP24A1, and NXPH4 in colorectal cancer liver metastasis

Ziqing Yu1, Duo Li,2(), Huan Wang1, Xueliang Wu3, Jianchun Fan4, Xiao Han5   

  1. 1Graduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
    2Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
    3General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
    4Zhangjiakou Institute of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
    5Department of Anesthesiology, Tongliao People’s Hospital, Tongliao 028000, China
  • Received:2025-11-17 Published:2026-02-25
  • Corresponding author: Duo Li
引用本文:

于子清, 李多, 王欢, 武雪亮, 樊建春, 韩笑. STRA6、CYP24A1、NXPH4在结直肠癌肝转移中的表达及意义[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2026, 15(01): 58-66.

Ziqing Yu, Duo Li, Huan Wang, Xueliang Wu, Jianchun Fan, Xiao Han. Expression and clinical significance of STRA6, CYP24A1, and NXPH4 in colorectal cancer liver metastasis[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2026, 15(01): 58-66.

目的

探讨视黄酸刺激蛋白6(STRA6)、细胞色素P450家族24亚家族A成员1(CYP24A1)、神经外啡肽4(NXPH4)蛋白在结直肠癌肝转移中的表达及其与临床病理特征、预后及诊断的关系。

方法

收集2017年1月至2019年12月在河北北方学院附属第一医院初次确诊并进行手术的结直肠癌患者80例,其中30例患者发生肝转移,50例患者未发生肝转移,采用免疫组化法检测STRA6、CYP24A1、NXPH4蛋白表达水平,分析三者与临床病理参数的关系,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析结直肠癌肝转移患者中三者与预后的关系,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结直肠癌患者发生肝转移的影响因素,利用ROC曲线分析三者单项及联合检测对于结直肠癌肝转移的预测价值。

结果

STRA6、CYP24A1、NXPH4在肝转移组表达显著高于未转移组及癌旁组,且在结肠癌肝转移患者中STRA6、NXPH4高表达与淋巴结转移及浸润深度相关(P<0.05),CYP24A1高表达与淋巴结转移、浸润深度及肿瘤分化程度相关(P<0.05);生存分析显示,STRA6、CYP24A1、NXPH4高表达的结直肠癌肝转移患者5年生存率更低(HR值分别为2.690、4.279、2.784,P<0.05);结直肠癌患者肝转移与淋巴结转移、浸润深度、分化程度及CEA表达水平相关(P<0.05);淋巴结转移、CEA≥5 ng/mL、STRA6、CYP24A1及NXPH4水平升高是结直肠癌患者发生肝转移的独立危险因素(P<0.05);ROC曲线显示,STRA6预测结直肠癌肝转移的AUC为0.722(95%CI:0.602~0.843),敏感度、特异度分别为46.70%、94.00%;CYP24A1预测结直肠癌肝转移的AUC为0.797(95%CI:0.696~0.898),敏感度、特异度分别为56.70%、92.00%;NXPH4预测结直肠癌肝转移的AUC为0.696(95%CI:0.577~0.814),敏感度、特异度分别为86.70%、52.00%;联合检测预测结直肠癌肝转移的AUC为0.820(95%CI:0.719~0.921),敏感度、特异度分别为66.70%、90.00%。

结论

STRA6、CYP24A1、NXPH4高表达提示结直肠癌患者肝转移风险高、预后不良。STRA6、CYP24A1、NXPH4可能作为结直肠癌肝转移的风险分层及预后的潜在生物标志物,为临床早期干预提供参考依据。

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the expression of stimulated by retinoic acid 6(STRA6), cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1(CYP24A1), and neurexophilin 4(NXPH4) proteins in colorectal cancer liver metastasis and their correlations with clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, and diagnostic significance.

Methods

A total of 80 patients with colorectal cancer initially diagnosed and undergoing surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University between January 2017 and December 2019 were enrolled. Among them, thirty patients developed liver metastasis, while 50 did not. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of STRA6, CYP24A1, and NXPH4. The relationships between these proteins and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to evaluate the prognostic significance of these proteins in colorectal liver metastasis patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors for liver metastasis in colorectal cancer patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to assess the predictive value of individual and combined detection of these proteins for colorectal liver metastasis.

Results

The expression levels of STRA6, CYP24A1, and NXPH4 were significantly higher in the liver metastasis group compared to the non-metastasis and paracancerous tissue groups (P<0.05). In colorectal liver metastasis patients, high expression of STRA6 and NXPH4 was correlated with lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion, while high expression of CYP24A1 was associated with lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, and tumor differentiation (P<0.05). Survival analysis showed that colorectal liver metastasis patients with high expression of STRA6, CYP24A1, and NXPH4 had a lower 5-year survival rate (HR=2.690, 4.279, and 2.784, respectively; P<0.05). Liver metastasis in colorectal cancer patients was correlated with lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, and degree of differentiation, and CEA (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified lymph node metastasis, CEA≥5 ng/mL, and elevated levels of STRA6, CYP24A1, and NXPH4 as independent risk factors for liver metastasis (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the AUC values for predicting colorectal liver metastasis were 0.722 (95%CI: 0.602~0.843) for STRA6, 0.797 (95%CI: 0.696~0.898) for CYP24A1, and 0.696 (95%CI: 0.577~0.814) for NXPH4. The sensitivities and specificities were 46.70% and 94.00% for STRA6, 56.70% and 92.00% for CYP24A1, and 86.70% and 52.00% for NXPH4, respectively. The combined detection of these proteins achieved an AUC of 0.820 (95%CI: 0.719~0.921), with a sensitivity of 66.70% and specificity of 90.00%.

Conclusion

High expression of STRA6, CYP24A1, and NXPH4 indicates an increased risk of liver metastasis and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. These proteins may serve as potential biomarkers for risk stratification and prognosis of colorectal cancer liver metastasis, providing references for early clinical intervention.

图1 STRA6、CYP24A1、NXPH4在各组中的表达(免疫组化法,×200)
表1 STRA6、CYP24A1、NXPH4在各组中的平均光密度值(±s
表2 结直肠癌肝转移患者中STRA6、CYP24A1和NXPH4的表达与临床特征的关系
临床病理因素 例数 STRA6 CYP24A1 NXPH4
平均光密度值 t P 平均光密度值 t P 平均光密度值 t P
年龄(岁)     −1.469 0.153   −0.588 0.561   −1.233 0.228
≤60 14 0.189±0.057     0.227±0.079     0.231±0.052    
>60 16 0.162±0.042     0.210±0.078     0.207±0.056    
性别     −0.822 0.418   0.868 0.622   −0.464 0.646
男性 17 0.182±0.052     0.212±0.077     0.222±0.056    
女性 13 0.166±0.050     0.226±0.080     0.213±0.055    
浸润深度     3.317 0.003   2.421 0.022   0.159 0.014
T1~T2 14 0.147±0.045     0.184±0.081     0.192±0.044    
T3~T4 16 0.200±0.043     0.248±0.062     0.241±0.055    
淋巴结转移     2.487 0.019   2.435 0.022   3.244 0.003
21 0.189±0.053     0.239±0.080     0.237±0.054    
9 0.143±0.026     0.169±0.045     0.175±0.029    
肿瘤分化程度     1.166 0.253   2.406 0.023   1.257 0.219
中-高分化 10 0.160±0.044     0.174±0.071     0.201±0.032    
低分化 20 0.183±0.053     0.240±0.072     0.227±0.062    
原发肿瘤直径(cm)     1.108 0.277   0.031 0.975   0.943 0.354
<5 19 0.167±0.036     0.218±0.078     0.211±0.052    
≥5 11 0.188±0.069     0.219±0.080     0.231±0.061    
CEA(ng/mL)     −0.457 0.652   −1.614 0.118   −1.559 0.130
<5 5 0.165±0.021     0.168±0.049     0.184±0.033    
≥5 25 0.177±0.055     0.228±0.079     0.225±0.056    
CA19-9(U/mL)     −1.821 0.079   −0.286 0.777   −1.134 0.266
<35 11 0.154±0.039     0.213±0.089     0.203±0.050    
≥35 19 0.187±0.053     0.221±0.073     0.227±0.057    
图2 STRA6、CYP24A1、NXPH4的生存曲线图。2A:STRA6生存曲线图,2B:CYP24A1生存曲线图,2C:NXPH4生存曲线图
表3 结直肠癌患者发生肝转移影响因素的单因素分析[例(%)]
表4 结直肠癌患者发生肝转移的多因素Logistic回归分析
图3 STRA6、CYP24A1、NXPH4对结直肠癌肝转移的预测价值
表5 STRA6、CYP24A1、NXPH4对结直肠癌肝转移的预测价值
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