切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (03) : 251 -258. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2025.03.006

论著

中国微卫星不稳定大肠癌患者临床病理特征分析
沈汶娟1, 潘怡1, 董林1,(), 邹霜梅1,()   
  1. 1. 100021 北京,国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院病理科
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-12 出版日期:2025-06-25
  • 通信作者: 董林, 邹霜梅
  • 基金资助:
    中国医学科学院临床与转化医学研究专项(No. 2022-I2M-C&T-B-073)

Analysis of clinical and pathological characteristics of microsatellite instability colorectal cancer in Chinese patients

Wenjuan Shen1, Yi Pan1, Lin Dong1,(), Shuangmei Zou1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center of Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
  • Received:2025-02-12 Published:2025-06-25
  • Corresponding author: Lin Dong, Shuangmei Zou
引用本文:

沈汶娟, 潘怡, 董林, 邹霜梅. 中国微卫星不稳定大肠癌患者临床病理特征分析[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2025, 14(03): 251-258.

Wenjuan Shen, Yi Pan, Lin Dong, Shuangmei Zou. Analysis of clinical and pathological characteristics of microsatellite instability colorectal cancer in Chinese patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 14(03): 251-258.

目的

探讨中国微卫星不稳定(MSI)大肠癌患者中散发性微卫星不稳定大肠癌与林奇综合征(LS)患者临床病理特征差异及预后。

方法

收集2015年1月至2017年12月中国医学科学院肿瘤医院确诊的338例连续MSI大肠癌术后病例,其中LS组105例,散发性MSI大肠癌组233例,回顾性分析其临床病理学特点。

结果

LS患者确诊年龄明显比散发性MSI大肠癌患者年龄小(t=4.179,P<0.001),错配修复蛋白缺陷类型更倾向为3型(χ²=28.036,P<0.001)或4型(χ²=4.325,P=0.038)。散发性MSI患者更容易发生启动子甲基化(χ²=22.388,P<0.001)及BRAF突变(χ²=13.005,P<0.001)。二组在组织学形态上差异无统计学意义,总生存期(χ²=1.053,P=0.305)与无进展生存期(χ²=0.008,P=0.928)的差异无统计学意义。高危组织学成分如微乳头及印戒细胞是MSI大肠癌患者无进展生存的显著独立预后因素(HR=4.075,P<0.05)。

结论

LS与散发性MSI大肠癌的临床病理特征存在差异性,其对免疫治疗的反应性差异的分子机制需要进一步研究。

Objective

Comparative analysis of clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic outcomes between sporadic microsatellite instability (MSI) colorectal cancer and Lynch Syndrome (LS)-associated cases in Chinese patients.

Methods

A total of 338 consecutive postoperative cases of MSI colorectal cancer diagnosed at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2015 to December 2017 were collected, including 105 cases of LS and 233 cases of sporadic MSI colorectal cancer. The clinicopathological characteristics were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literature was reviewed.

Results

LS patients were significantly younger at the time of diagnosis compared to sporadic MSI colorectal cancer patients (t=4.179, P<0.001), and the type of mismatch repair protein deficiency tended to be more of type 3 (χ²=28.036, P<0.001) or type 4 (χ²=4.325, P=0.038). Sporadic MSI patients were more likely to experience promoter methylation (χ²=22.388, P<0.001) and BRAF mutation (χ²=13.005, P<0.001).There was no significant difference in histological morphology between the two groups, and the differences in overall survival (χ²=1.053, P=0.305) and progress-free survival (χ²=0.008, P=0.928) were not statistically significant. High-risk histological components such as micropapillary and signet ring cells were significant independent prognostic factors for progress-free survival in MSI colorectal cancer patients (HR=4.075, P<0.05).

Conclusion

LS and sporadic MSI colorectal cancers display differences in clinicopathological characteristics, and the molecular mechanisms behind their varied responses to immunotherapy warrant further investigation.

图1 MSI大肠癌的镜下形态。1A:LS在低倍镜下呈腺癌形态,伴黏液分泌,大量淋巴细胞在浸润前端聚集形成克罗恩样病变;1B:散发性MSI大肠癌在低倍镜下亦呈腺癌形态,伴黏液分泌,间质可见大量淋巴细胞浸润;1C:LS发生于已存在的绒毛管状腺瘤中;1D:散发性MSI大肠癌伴发锯齿状病变;1E:髓样癌形态的病例低倍镜下呈实性片状及梁状生长;1F:髓样癌形态的病例高倍镜下可见一致的中-大细胞边界不清,呈“合体样”,胞浆嗜酸;1G~1H:LS与散发性MSI大肠癌的肿瘤细胞均表现为核圆形至卵圆形,居中,核仁明显,胞浆中等嗜酸
图2 大肠癌dMMR分布示意图。2A:散发性MSI大肠癌dMMR分布;2B:LS大肠癌dMMR分布
表1 LS与散发性MSI大肠癌的临床病理特征总结[,例(%)]
图3 Kaplan-Meier生存分析曲线。3A:总生存期;3B:无进展生存期
表2 MSI大肠癌临床病理特征与总生存期Cox回归分析
表3 MSI大肠癌临床病理特征与无进展生存期Cox回归分析
[1]
Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today[EB/OL]. Available online: https://gco.iarc.fr/today (2022).
[2]
Sun BL. Current microsatellite instability testing in management of colorectal cancer[J]. Clin Colorectal Cancer, 2021, 20(1): e12-e20.
[3]
Dong L, Jin X, Wang W, et al. Distinct clinical phenotype and genetic testing strategy for Lynch syndrome in China based on a large colorectal cancer cohort[J]. Int J Cancer, 2020, 146(11): 3077-3086.
[4]
Raut CP, Pawlik TM, Rodriguez-Bigas MA. Clinicopathologic features in colorectal cancer patients with microsatellite instability[J]. Mutat Res, 2004, 568(2): 275-282.
[5]
Cunningham JM, Christensen ER, Tester DJ, et al. Hypermethylation of the hMLH1 promoter in colon cancer with microsatellite instability[J]. Cancer Res, 1998, 58(15): 3455-3460.
[6]
Hampel H, Frankel WL, Martin E, et al. Screening for the Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer)[J]. N Engl J Med, 2005, 352(18): 1851-1860.
[7]
Shibata D. Molecular tumour clocks and colorectal cancer: seeing the unseen[J]. Pathology, 2002, 34(6): 534-540.
[8]
Jass JR. HNPCC and sporadic MSI-H colorectal cancer: a review of the morphological similarities and differences[J]. Fam Cancer, 2004,3(2): 93-100.
[9]
Rajagopalan H, Bardelli A, Lengauer C, et al. Tumorigenesis:RAF/RAS oncogenes and mismatch-repair status[J]. Nature, 2002,418(6901): 934.
[10]
Shia J, Ellis NA, Paty PB, et al. Value of histopathology in predicting microsatellite instability in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and sporadic colorectal cancer[J]. Am J Surg Pathol, 2003, 27(11):1407-1417.
[11]
Yearsley M, Hampel H, Lehman A, et al. Histologic features distinguish microsatellite-high from microsatellite-low and microsatellite-stable colorectal carcinomas, but do not differentiate germline mutations from methylation of the MLH1 promoter[J]. Hum Pathol, 2006, 37(7): 831-838.
[12]
Hartman DJ, Brand RE, Hu H, et al. Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal carcinoma: frequent involvement of the left colon and rectum and late-onset presentation supports a universal screening approach[J]. Hum Pathol, 2013, 44(11): 2518-2528.
[13]
Yamada R, Yamaguchi T, Iijima T, et al. Differences in histological features and PD-L1 expression between sporadic microsatellite instability and Lynch-syndrome-associated disease in Japanese patients with colorectal cancer[J]. Int J Clin Oncol, 2018, 23(3): 504-513.
[14]
Nakayama Y, Iijima T, Inokuchi T, et al. Clinicopathological features of sporadic MSI colorectal cancer and Lynch syndrome: a single-center retrospective cohort study[J]. Int J Clin Oncol, 2021, 26(10): 1881-1889.
[15]
Sanz-Garcia E, Argiles G, Elez E, et al. BRAF mutant colorectal cancer: prognosis, treatment, and new perspectives[J]. Ann Oncol,2017, 28(11): 2648-2657.
[16]
Tan E, Whiting J, Xie H, et al. BRAF mutations are associated with poor survival outcomes in advanced-stage mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite high colorectal cancer[J]. Oncologist, 2022, 27(3): 191-197.
[17]
Toh JWT, Phan K, Reza F, et al. Rate of dissemination and prognosis in early and advanced stage colorectal cancer based on microsatellite instability status: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2021, 36(8): 1573-1596.
[18]
Brueckl WM, Moesch C, Brabletz T, et al. Relationship between microsatellite instability, response and survival in palliative patients with colorectal cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy[J].Anticancer Res, 2003, 23(2C): 1773-1777.
[19]
Cercek A, Dos Santos Fernandes G, Roxburgh CS, et al. Mismatch repair-deficient rectal cancer and resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2020, 26(13): 3271-3279.
[20]
Ludford K, Ho WJ, Thomas JV, et al. Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab in localized microsatellite instability high/deficient mismatch repair solid tumors[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41(12): 2181-2190.
[21]
Zhang X, Wu T, Cai X, et al. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for MSI-H/dMMR locally advanced colorectal cancer: new strategies and unveiled opportunities[J]. Front Immunol, 2022, 13: 795972.
[22]
Chalabi M, Verschoor YL, Tan PB, et al. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in locally advanced mismatch repair-deficient colon cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2024, 390(21): 1949-1958.
[1] 陈隆, 段晓鑫, 王思卓, 董胜利. 胃癌免疫治疗的现状[J/OL]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 177-182.
[2] 刘缤妍, 朱昱冰, 李慧敏, 郝梦迪, 刘晓丽, 袁大晋, 黄汶彬, 李文杰, 曾嘉, 丁磊. 术前CT血管造影三维重建在结直肠癌手术中的应用价值:一项荟萃分析[J/OL]. 中华普通外科学文献(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 209-216.
[3] 安霞, 石玉生, 宋智心. 结直肠癌早期筛查的实验室检测策略及临床价值分析[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 446-448.
[4] 曾舒昊, 康博禹, 郑高赞, 郑建勇, 丰帆. 青年结直肠癌患者的临床病理特征及预后分析[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 449-452.
[5] 赵晨皓, 张序东, 杨浚沫, 周何. 血清肿瘤标志物对结直肠癌患者术后复发的预测效能研究进展[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 467-470.
[6] 杨梦媛, 白启轩, 赵晓琳, 黄坤, 李珍, 曹世长, 程建平. ESD治疗腔内突出型结直肠肿瘤与大肠侧向发育型肿瘤的临床效果对比研究[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 405-408.
[7] 王珂, 岳育民, 武珍珍, 许泽宇, 惠晓辉, 赵云, 窦维佳, 赵青川. 腹腔镜经自然腔道手术对结直肠癌患者肠道功能及远期效果的影响[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(04): 413-416.
[8] 杜升兰, 张刘平, 肖燕玲. 三种手术策略在结直肠癌并肠梗阻中的临床观察[J/OL]. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(03): 294-297.
[9] 中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专业委员会. 结直肠癌腹膜转移诊治专家共识(2025版)[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2025, 14(03): 193-201.
[10] 中国NNOSES联盟, 中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专业委员会NOSES学组, 中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专业委员会机器人手术学组, 中国抗癌协会NOSES专业委员会. “机器人”结直肠肿瘤经自然腔道取标本手术专家共识(2025版)[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2025, 14(03): 202-220.
[11] 周艳, 周泽阳, 程欣萌, 何月娥, 李祥勇, 吴勇. 结直肠癌患者早期造口并发症预测模型的构建与验证[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2025, 14(03): 242-250.
[12] 陈劲强, 张军明, 黄勇山, 段金元. 腹部无辅助切口经横结肠拖出标本的腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术一例(附视频)[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2025, 14(03): 284-288.
[13] 孟凡涛, 刘慧林, 杨爽. 老年结直肠癌组织RAB7A 表达与其临床病理特征及肝转移的关系[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(03): 205-209.
[14] 张丽丽, 程亚茹, 刘倩. 伴肠母细胞分化的胃黏膜内腺癌一例[J/OL]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2025, 15(03): 286-288.
[15] 刘玉奇, 李健, 仲捷, 李群, 常帅, 于春鹏. 微波消融同步肝动脉插管化疗栓塞联合靶免治疗大肝癌的临床疗效及安全性分析[J/OL]. 中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2025, 13(02): 110-116.
阅读次数
全文


摘要


AI


AI小编
你好!我是《中华医学电子期刊资源库》AI小编,有什么可以帮您的吗?