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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (03) : 242 -250. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2025.03.005

论著

结直肠癌患者早期造口并发症预测模型的构建与验证
周艳1, 周泽阳1, 程欣萌1, 何月娥1, 李祥勇1,(), 吴勇1,()   
  1. 1. 215004 苏州大学附属第二医院胃肠外科
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-28 出版日期:2025-06-25
  • 通信作者: 李祥勇, 吴勇
  • 基金资助:
    省部共建放射医学与辐射防护国家重点实验室开放课题(No. GZK1202243)苏州市科技发展计划(No.SKY2022156)

Construction and validation of an early stoma complication prediction model for colorectal cancer patients

Yan Zhou1, Zeyang Zhou1, Xinmeng Cheng1, Yue'e He1, Xiangyong Li1,(), Yong Wu1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou 215004,China
  • Received:2024-10-28 Published:2025-06-25
  • Corresponding author: Xiangyong Li, Yong Wu
引用本文:

周艳, 周泽阳, 程欣萌, 何月娥, 李祥勇, 吴勇. 结直肠癌患者早期造口并发症预测模型的构建与验证[J/OL]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2025, 14(03): 242-250.

Yan Zhou, Zeyang Zhou, Xinmeng Cheng, Yue'e He, Xiangyong Li, Yong Wu. Construction and validation of an early stoma complication prediction model for colorectal cancer patients[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2025, 14(03): 242-250.

目的

分析并探讨结直肠癌患者术后发生早期造口并发症的危险因素,构建可视化预测模型。

方法

本研究回顾性收集分析2018年1月至2021年1月在苏州大学附属第二医院胃肠外科接受肠造口术的结直肠癌患者的临床病理资料及相关手术信息资料。使用Logistic回归分析确定肠造口并发症的独立危险因素。随后构建列线图,基于Bootstrap法进行1 000次重复抽样验证模型,并且绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,通过计算曲线下面积(AUC)、利用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验、校准曲线及决策曲线(DCA)评估列线图预测模型的准确性和临床适用性。

结果

共267例肠造口患者最终纳入分析,其中71例中观察到不同程度的造口并发症。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,年龄(OR=0.040,P=2.509),BMI(OR=5.119,P<0.001),血清白蛋白(OR=0.168,P<0.001),皮肤褶皱(OR=9.854,P<0.001),腹部手术史(OR=23.331,P<0.001)是肠造口患者发生早期并发症的独立预测因素。并基于5种独立预测因素构建列线图模型。训练集和验证集的AUC分别为0.880(95%CI:0.820~0.940)和0.861(95%CI:0.770~0.953)。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示预测模型与造口并发症的实际发生率具有良好的一致性(P>0.05)。DCA曲线显示模型具有较高的净收益。

结论

预测模型具有较好效能,可帮助医务人员及时识别肠造口患者早期并发症的风险、有益实施早期干预。

Objective

To analyze and explore the risk factors for early stoma complications in patients with colorectal cancer after surgery and to construct a visual prediction model.

Methods

This study retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinicopathological data and related surgical information of colorectal cancer patients who underwent enterostomy in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2018 to January 2021. The Logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for stoma complications. Subsequently,a nomogram was constructed, and the model was validated through 1 000 bootstrap resamples based on the Bootstrap method. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the accuracy and clinical applicability of the nomogram prediction model were evaluated by calculating the area under the curve (AUC),Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

A total of 267 stoma patients were ultimately included in the analysis, among which 71 patients observed varying degrees of stoma complications. The multivariate Logistic regression results showed that age (OR=0.040,P=2.509), BMI (OR=5.119, P<0.001), serum albumin (OR=0.168, P<0.001), skin folds (OR=9.854, P<0.001),and history of abdominal surgery (OR=23.331, P<0.001) were independent predictors of early complications in stoma patients (P<0.05). A nomogram model was constructed based on these five independent predictors.The AUCs for the training set and validation set were 0.880 (95%CI: 0.820~0.940) and 0.861 (95%CI:0.770~0.953), respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good agreement between the prediction model and the actual incidence of stoma complications (P>0.05). The DCA curve indicated that the model had a high net benefit.

Conclusion

The predictive model demonstrates good performance, aiding healthcare providers in promptly identifying the risk of early complications in patients with intestinal stomas and facilitating timely interventions.

续表
变量 总人数(n=267) 造口正常组(n=196) 造口并发症组(n=71) χ 2 P
年龄(岁) 6.39 0.011
≤70 172(64.42) 135(68.88) 37(52.11)
>70 95(35.58) 61(31.12) 34(47.89)
性别 1.46 0.227
女性 108(40.45) 75(38.27) 33(46.48)
男性 159(59.55) 121(61.73) 38(53.52)
BMI(kg/m2 14.69 <0.001
≤24 153(57.30) 126(64.29) 27(38.03)
>24 114(42.70) 70(35.71) 44(61.97)
ASA 分级 1.06 0.587
1 53(19.85) 38(19.39) 15(21.13)
2 156(58.43) 118(60.20) 38(53.52)
3 58(21.72) 40(20.41) 18(25.35)
血清白蛋白(g/L) 26.56 <0.001
≤40 76(28.46) 39(19.90) 37(52.11)
>40 191(71.54) 157(80.10) 34(47.89)
手术时间(min) 7.14 0.008
≤200 107(40.07) 88(44.90) 19(26.76)
>200 160(59.93) 108(55.10) 52(73.24)
肿瘤直径(cm) 0.52 0.472
≤5 193(72.28) 144(73.47) 49(69.01)
>5 74(27.72) 52(26.53) 22(30.99)
神经侵犯 0.22 0.639
213(79.78) 155(79.08) 58(81.69)
54(20.22) 41(20.92) 13(18.31)
脉管侵犯 0.07 0.794
223(83.52) 163(83.16) 60(84.51)
44(16.48) 33(16.84) 11(15.49)
pT 分期 0.44 0.932
1 101(37.83) 72(36.73) 29(40.85)
2 74(27.72) 56(28.57) 18(25.35)
3 61(22.85) 45(22.96) 16(22.54)
4 31(11.61) 23(11.73) 8(11.27)
pN 分期 0.07 0.966
0 181(67.79) 132(67.35) 49(69.01)
1 59(22.10) 44(22.45) 15(21.13)
2 27(10.11) 20(10.20) 7(9.86)
合并基础病 1.79 0.181
157(58.80) 120(61.22) 37(52.11)
110(41.20) 76(38.78) 34(47.89)
皮肤褶皱 20.09 <0.001
214(80.15) 170(86.73) 44(61.97)
变量 总人数(n=267) 造口正常组(n=196) 造口并发症组(n=71) χ 2 P
53(19.85) 26(13.27) 27(38.03)
造口部位 0.04 0.833
结肠 142(53.18) 105(53.57) 37(52.11)
回肠 125(46.82) 91(46.43) 34(47.89)
AJCC 分期 0.08 0.961
1 112(41.95) 82(41.84) 30(42.25)
2 69(25.84) 50(25.51) 19(26.76)
3 86(32.21) 64(32.65) 22(30.99)
CEA(μg/L) 0.95 0.329
≤5 167(62.55) 126(64.29) 41(57.75)
>5 100(37.45) 70(35.71) 30(42.25)
新辅助治疗 51.07 <0.001
218(81.65) 180(91.84) 38(53.52)
49(18.35) 16(8.16) 33(46.48)
既往腹部手术史 49.95 <0.001
231(86.52) 187(95.41) 44(61.97)
36(13.48) 9(4.59) 27(38.03)
造口性质 0.01 0.927
临时性 202(75.66) 148(75.51) 54(76.06)
永久性 65(24.34) 48(24.49) 17(23.94)
续表
变量 单因素回归分析 多因素回归分析
OR(95%CI P OR(95%CI P
年龄(岁)
≤70 1 1
>70 2.655(1.365~5.162) 0.004 2.509(1.045~6.022) 0.040
性别
女性 1
男性 0.800(0.416~1.540) 0.505
BMI(kg/m2
≤24 1 1
>24 3.020(1.543~5.910) 0.001 5.119(2.007~13.059) <0.001
ASA 分级
1 1
2 1.282(0.524~3.133) 0.586
3 1.513(0.543~4.216) 0.428
血清白蛋白(g/L)
≤40 1 1
>40 0.319(0.160~0.636) 0.001 0.168(0.064~0.438) <0.001
手术时间(min)
≤200 1
变量 单因素回归分析 多因素回归分析
OR(95%CI P OR(95%CI P
>200 2.296(1.151~4.579) 0.018
肿瘤直径(cm)
≤5 1
>5 1.288(0.628~2.643) 0.490
神经侵犯
1
0.736(0.296~1.831) 0.509
脉管侵犯
1
0.636(0.258~1.569) 0.326
pT 分期
1 1
2 1.327(0.355~4.960) 0.675
3 1.733(0.509~5.902) 0.379
4 0.619(0.064~6.025) 0.680
pN 分期
0 1
1 0.622(0.178~2.172) 0.622
2 0.755(0.140~4.082) 0.755
合并基础病
1
1.517(0.784~2.934) 0.215
皮肤褶皱
1 1
3.710(1.777~7.743) <0.001 9.854(3.397~28.587) <0.001
造口部位
结肠 1
回肠 0.893(0.469~1.701) 0.730
AJCC 分期
1 1
2 1.846(0.531~6.420) 0.335
3 0.857(0.251~2.928) 0.806
CEA(μg/L)
≤5 1
>5 1.290(0.670~2.483) 0.447
新辅助治疗
1
7.119(3.211~15.786) <0.001
既往腹部手术史
1 1
15.050(5.590~40.521) <0.001 23.331(7.042~77.298) <0.001
造口性质
临时性 1
永久性 0.756(0.351~1.631) 0.476
图1 结肠癌患者早期造口并发症发生列线图预测模型
图2 结肠癌患者早期造口并发症列线图预测模型受试者工作特征曲线
图3 训练集与验证集校准曲线。3A为训练集,3B为验证集
图4 训练集与验证集DCA曲线。4A为训练集,4B为验证集
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