近二十年来微创手术方式逐步成为治疗直肠癌的标准术式，但是与开腹手术方式相比，仍未能降低直肠癌术后发生吻合口漏的风险。吻合口漏仍是直肠癌术后主要的并发症之一，影响着患者的肿瘤学预后和生活质量，也是腹腔镜结直肠外科医师需要面临的挑战。对于需要手术干预的吻合口漏，选择传统的开腹再手术的处理方式，还是选择微创再手术的处理方式一直是结直肠外科医师关注的热点。本文旨在阐述直肠癌微创术后发生吻合口漏的微创手术再处理的现状和进展，讨论其可行性和安全性，以期为临床实践提供借鉴。

Although minimally invasive surgery has almost become the standard surgical approach for rectal cancer, it still fails to reduce the risk of anastomotic leakage after operation compared with open approaches. Anastomotic leakage is still one of the main complications after rectal surgery, which influences the oncological outcome and life quality of patients. Anastomotic leakage is the challenge for colorectal surgeons. It has always been a hot topic for colorectal surgeons whether to choose the traditional open surgery or the minimally invasive way for the treatment of anastomotic leakage that requires surgical intervention. This article aimed to describe the current status and progress of minimally invasive surgery for anastomotic leakage after minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery, and to discuss its feasibility and safety, hoping to provide reference for future clinical practices and clinical researches.