在人类历史的长河之中，各种传染病多次席卷世界不同地域，在威胁人类健康和生命的同时，对文明发展、历史更迭也产生着深远的影响。时下，新型冠状病毒在中国暴发，给整个国家和社会带来严峻的挑战。回顾世界历史上历次重大的疫情流行和暴发，总结这些事件的传染病学特征及其影响，有助于我们正确认识传染病，预防并提早发现传染病的流行，消除疾病恐慌，科学防治，进而最终战胜传染病。此外，我们还应该构建传染病知识教育体系，普及传染病防治知识的学龄教育，进而从根本上提升国民传染病防治意识，最终实现全民防御的目标。

In human history, infectious diseases repeatedly swept the world in different regions. They are threatening human health and life. At the same time, they have a profound impact on the history of civilization. Nowadays, the novel coronavirus outbreak in China poses severe challenges to the whole country and society. Reviewing the major epidemic and outbreaks in world history, summing up the epidemiological characteristics of these events and their impacts will help us to correctly understand infectious diseases, prevent and detect the prevalence of infectious diseases, eliminate panic, prevent and treat diseases,ultimately defeated infectious diseases. In addition, building a knowledge and education system for infectious diseases can improve the quality of the entire population and achieve the goal of universal epidemic prevention.