作为罕见的消化道肿瘤之一，胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors，GISTs)的发病率约为十万分之一。但在消化道的软组织肉瘤中，其发病率位列第一。其可以发生在胃肠道的任何部位，其中以胃和小肠多发，结直肠次之。本解读依据2014年美国国家综合癌症网(National Comprehensive Cancer Network，NCCN)软组织肉瘤治疗指南和2014年欧洲肿瘤学会(European Society of Medical Oncology，ESMO)胃肠道间质瘤治疗指南，从概述、术前诊断方法、手术治疗原则、术后复发风险评估、靶向治疗和随访几个方向对胃肠道间质瘤的诊治进行介绍。意在对消化科医生，尤其是胃肠外科医生的临床工作提供一定帮助。

As the rare tumor in gastrointestinal(GI)tract, the incidence of GISTs is nearly 1/100000.But GISTs are the most common soft tissue sarcoma in the GI tract.It can arise anywhere along the GI tract, but stomach(60%)and small intestine(30%)are the most common sites, followed by colorectal(5% to 6%)primary site(rectum: 4% and colon: 1%~2%). This review consists of overview, diagnosis, principle of surgery, postoperative recurrence risk assessment, targeted therapy and follow up based on 2014 NCCN guidelines version on soft tissue sarcoma and 2014 ESMO guidelines version on GISTs.We hope that it will offer a little help to gastroenterology, especially to the surgeons.