By collect the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with anorectal malignant melanoma (ARMM), and analysis the prognostic differences between different TNM stages and non-surgical & surgical treatment groups. To find the effective treatment for ARMM.

We retrospective analysis of 87 ARMM patients clinical information,they were treated in the Colorectal Surgery Department of Shanxi Cancer Hospital from 2006 to 2017. The clinical features including gender, age, tumor stage, and immunohistochemical markers: AE1/AE3, HMB45, S-100 and Vimentin. Aim to find the factors associatied with the prognosis of ARMM, and to compare the difference of surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment group among stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ, stage Ⅲ, and stage Ⅳ.

Our results showed that age, gender, AE1/AE3, HMB45, S-100 had no significant effect on ARMM patients prognosis. However, patients with stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ had better prognosis than patients with stage Ⅳ, and the result had statistical significance (P＜0.05). In our results, fifty-two patients received surgical treatment, and 35 received non-surgical treatment (including giving up treatment). The prognosis of the surgical group was significantly better than the non-surgical group (χ²=13.2, P＜0.05). For patients with stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ and Ⅲ, the prognosis of surgical treatment was significantly better than non-surgical treatment (P＜0.05), but the effect of surgical methods on prognosis was no difference (P＞0.05). In patients with stage Ⅳ, the prognosis of local resection was better than abdominoperineal resection (APR) (P＜0.05).

ARMM has a poor prognosis. Compared with non-surgical treatment, surgical treatment may be a better treatment way to improve the survival rate of patients. For stage I, II, and III patients, local excision is the preferred surgical approach.