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Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2021, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (02): 164-171. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2021.02.009

Special Issue:

• Original Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Prognosis of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in stage I colon cancer and develop a prediction model: a retrospective study based on the SEER database

Haifeng Wang1, Hongzhu Zhang1, Feng Wang2,()   

  1. 1. Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing 102400, China
    2. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
  • Received:2020-10-20 Online:2021-04-25 Published:2021-05-07
  • Contact: Feng Wang

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the prognostic significance of preoperative CEA status in stage I colon cancer and to establish a prognostic model for stage I colon cancer.

Methods

Based on the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Results Database (SEER), 13 690 patients with colon adenocarcinoma from 2004 to 2015 were assessed by propensity score matching method to determine whether preoperative CEA status affect the cancer-specific survival. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves, Log rank test was used to analyze the survival difference of each group, and Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of stage I colon adenocarcinoma and develop a prediction model.

Results

After propensity score matching, the 5-year cancer-specific survival rate of patients with T1 stage combined with CEA positive was lower than that of patients with T1 combined with CEA negative (88.4% vs. 99.6%, P<0.001), in the same way, the 5-years- cancer-specific survival rate of patients with T2 stage combined with CEA positive was lower than that of patients with T2 combined with CEA negative (88.7% vs. 94.5%, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of cancer-specific death in patients with T1 combined with CEA positive presented up to 129.8% increased risk of colon cancer-specific mortality compared with stage T1N0M0 in the context of normal serum CEA (HR=2.058, 95%CI: 1.705~2.484, P<0.001). Based on the results of multivariate analysis, we developed a nomogram and each patient was rated according to the model. In the primary cohort, the 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were 94.8% and 90.1% in the low-risk and high-risk groups, respectively (χ2=70.05, P<0.001); the 5-year cancer-specific survival rates in the validation cohort were 94.3% and 88.4% in the low-risk and high-risk groups, respectively (χ2=41.27, P<0.001).

Conclusion

Preoperative positive serum CEA is a significant adverse prognostic factor for stage I colon cancer. The prognostic model according to preoperative CEA status, T stage, number of lymph nodes harvested, gender and age could significantly distinguish the prognosis and the stage I patients with positive CEA before operation should be followed up closely after operation.

Key words: Colon neoplasms, Stage I, Carcinoembryonic antigen, Propensity score matching, Nomogram

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