Because of the improvement of surgical techniques and medical devices, More and more patients with low rectal cancer avoid permanent ostomy while obtaining radical resection of the tumor, However, a large proportion of patients with low anal sphincter will have a series of anal and intestinal dysfunction after surgery. We call it anterior resection syndrome. Successful surgery, failed treatment. Such clinical cases are not uncommon. The quality of life of patients is seriously affected because of anterior resection syndrome. There is still a lack of unified understanding of the mechanisms and treatments of ARS. The research progress on ARS is reviewed in this paper.