To compare the curative effect of laparoscopic and open radical resection of rectal cancer.

The clinical data of 380 patients with rectal cancer that had received operation from September 2009 to January 2015 in Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of Subei People Hospital were selected, and there were 190 cases of laparoscopic assisted rectal cancer radical resection (laparoscopic group), and 190 cases of open rectal cancer radical resection(open group).A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of two groups and the intraoperative blood loss, operative length, lymph node dissection number, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative complications, postoperative discharge time, postoperative follow-up data of two groups were compared and analyzed.

Patients from two groups had significant difference in intraoperative blood loss (t=9.06, P<0.0001) , lymph node dissection number (Χ²=2.07, P=0.039), postoperative hospital stay (Χ²=2.87, P=0.004), operative length (t=5.43, P<0.001), infection of incision (Χ²=4.49, P=0.03), Sexual dysfunction (Χ²=4.43, P=0.04) and intestinal obstruction (Χ²=4.49, P=0.03). The laparoscopic assisted rectal cancer radical resection had less intraoperative blood loss, more intraoperative lymph node dissection number, shorter postoperative hospital stay, less infection of incision, less Intestinal obstruction and less Sexual dysfunction etc., while the open group had shorter operation length. They had no statistical significance in post-operative drainage volume within three days (t=1.024, P=0.306), the number of lymph node metastasis (Χ²=0.70, P=0.484), and survival rate after operation (Χ²=0.74, P=0.39).

Laparoscopic and open radical resection of rectal cancer are safe and feasible surgical approach, both ways have their own advantages and disadvantages, is still lack of related prospective clinical randomized controlled trials.