Cylindrical abdominoperineal resection(cAPR), also named extra-levator abdominoperineal excision(ELAPE) compared with conventional APR, can remove much volume of tissues arround rectal cancer so as to reduce the circumferential margin positive and rectum perforation rate.The author of this article is the first one who introduced cAPR(ELAPE) to China and successfully used the biological material to repaire the pelvic defect after cAPR in the world.Using biological materials to reconstruct the pelvic floor can simplify the operation and reduce the incidence of operative complications.The key points and notes of cAPR are introduced in this paper.The author described the advantages and prospects of cAPR.The procedure of cAPR is expected to be a standard operation for rectal cancer that failed to preserve sphincter.