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Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (03): 209-214. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2026.03.003

• Original Article • Previous Articles    

Expression and significance of mismatch repair proteins in early-onset colorectal cancer

Hao Wang1, Caijin Xin1, Jing Cui2,3, Hexin Fu3, Changren Zhu3, Liuhua Wang1,2,3,4,5,()   

  1. 1 The Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yangzhou 225001, China
    2 Gastrointestinal Center, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
    3 Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
    4 General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
    5 Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China
  • Received:2026-02-28 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-07-21
  • Contact: Liuhua Wang

Abstract:

Objective

To investigate the expression of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 441 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery at the Gastrointestinal Center of Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital from January 2017 to September 2019. The patients were divided into the EO-CRC group (age<50 years, 63 cases) and the late-onset colorectal cancer (LO-CRC) group (age≥50 years, 378 cases). The expression of MMR proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and classified as deficient (dMMR) or proficient (pMMR). The association between MMR protein expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed using the chi-square test and rank sum test. The relationship between MMR status and prognosis in EO-CRC patients was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method combined with the Log-rank test.

Results

The incidence of dMMR was 16.8% (74/441) among the 441 patients. Among them, the proportion of dMMR in the EO-CRC group was 26.98% (17/63), and that in the LO-CRC group was 15.08% (57/378). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.896, P=0.027). The low differentiation rate (20.63%, χ2=7.519, P=0.023), the increase rate of CA19-9 (15.87%, χ2=5.982, P=0.014), and the nerve invasion rate (22.22%, χ2=6.024, P=0.014) in the EO-CRC group were significantly higher than those in the LO-CRC group. The difference was statistically significant. Subgroup analysis of EO-CRC showed that the proportion of right hemicolon masses in the dMMR group (58.82%, χ2=8.324, P=0.015) and the proportion of T1+T2 stage (64.71%, χ2=4.328, P=0.038) were significantly higher than those in the pMMR group. The vascular invasion rate in the dMMR group (11.76%, χ2=3.982, P=0.046) was significantly lower than that in the pMMR group, and the difference was statistically significant. The follow-up survival data showed that the overall survival rate of the EO-CRC group and the dMMR group was higher than that of the pMMR group (Log-rank χ2=4.513, P=0.034).

Conclusion

The incidence of dMMR in EO-CRC is higher than that in LO-CRC, and it is associated with right-sided colon occurrence, earlier tumor stage, lower rate of vascular invasion, and better overall survival rate. MMR status is not only an important biological marker for EO-CRC but also a significant indicator for prognosis assessment.

Key words: Mismatch repair protein, Microsatellite instability, Early-onset colorectal cancer, Immunohistochemistry, Prognosis

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