Concept and strategy are different in preoperative chemoradiation for mid-low rectal cancer between China, Japan and Korea. Chinese guideline for rectal cancer is similar with American guideline of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), which recommend that the tumor with preoperative staging more than T3/N+ should be got preoperative chemoradiation; most of Japanese doctors don′t choose preoperative chemoradiation for mid-low rectal cancer, Japanese guideline recommended that standard strategy for local advanced rectal cancer locating below peritoneal reflection should be perform total mesorectal excision plus lateral lymph node dissection; Korean guideline for rectal cancer is similar with Chinese and American guideline, but the difference with Chinese situation is that Korean doctors recommend more patients to get preoperative chemoradiation according to strict Korean government policy.