Postoperative infection is one of the most common complications in patients who undergoing colorectal cancer surgery, which including: surgical site infection, abdominal infection, pelvic infection, urinary tract infection, respiratory infection, subphrenic abscess and bacteremia. It not only increases pain, but also increases medical cost. A large number of studies investigated about the risk factors of infection and preventive measures have shown that the surgeons and operating room nurse played an important role in postoperative infection, as well as the anesthesiologist. This article will review postoperative infection risk factors and provide a prevention in patients with colorectal cancer.