The incidence of low rectal cancer accounts for about 70% in all rectal cancer, and with the study of the physiology, pathology, anatomy and lymphatic circulation of rectal cancer, the anal sphincter rate and prognosis of rectal cancer is also increasing. Low anastomosis refers to the distance from the anastomosis to the dentate line is 2~5 cm, ultra low anastomosis stoma refers to the dentate line distance is less than 2 cm. With the application of low and super low anastomosis in rectal cancer, anastomotic leakage after low and super low anastomosis has attracted the attention of surgeons. Because the location of the anastomosis is relatively close to the dentate line, the risk of anastomotic leakage is high, it is difficult to fix it. The influence of anastomosis occurred also many related factors, such as the patient′s own condition, disease factors, preoperative neoadjuvant therapy, whether the doctor′s technology and experience, intraoperative anastomosis, preventive fistula, postoperative monitoring and medication etc. For the treatment of anastomotic stoma, early detection is very important. Once the anastomotic fistula is confirmed, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to expand the anus. Because the Department of low, ultra-low anastomosis, as long as adequate drainage, drainage tube drainage can be considered, looking forward to natural healing.For more local fistula drainage, patients with more severe symptoms of infection can be taken ileostomy, to reduce the infiltration.