This study aimed to investigate the relationship between early postoperative recurrence of anorectal abscess and different potential prognostic factors.

Between June 2012 and February 2014, 123 patients with anorectal abscess underwent initial incision and drainage in our hospital.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine which variables were prognostic factors for early recurrence.

During a follow-up of one month, the cumulative incidence of recurrent abscess was 29.27 percent and the overall fistula formation rate was 75.60 percent.The result showed no difference between men and women in recurrence rate(P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis on the prognostic factors(age, BMI, abscess depth, history of anal-abscess, history of drainage, diabetes mellitus, fever)for early recurrence revealed that abscess depth and history of anal-abscess were the two significant prognostic factors(P<0.05). No significant differences in risk of recurrence were noted for the rest of prognostic factors(P>0.05).

Deep abscess and history of anorectal abscess significantly increased risk of postoperative early recurrent anorectal abscess.Simple drainage is properly not a good choice and drainage with fistulotomy is the better alternative choice to avoid early recurrent of abscess.