肛肠良性疾病作为盆底疾病的分支领域，是临床的常见病和多发病，包括痔疮、肛瘘、肛裂、直肠脱垂等。随着人们生活方式及饮食结构的西化，肛肠良性疾病的发病率逐渐升高，中重度肛肠良性疾病的治疗仍以手术为主。有限元法是近年来力学领域的研究热点，已在生物医学领域得到广泛的应用，国内外已有学者将其引入到盆底疾病的研究中，通过构建盆底结构的有限元模型，模拟各种生理状态下的盆底组织受力情况，试图阐明盆底疾病的发病机制，这对改进手术方法、降低术后复发和减少术后并发症有着重要意义。本文检索近年来相关文献报道，总结了有限元法在肛肠良性疾病中的研究进展，并对其优势、局限性以及未来的优化方向进行分析阐述，以期在医工交叉方向为肛肠良性疾病的基础研究提供参考。

As a branch field of pelvic floor diseases, benign anorectal diseases are common and frequently-occurring diseases in clinical practice, including hemorrhoids, anal fistula, anal fissure, rectal prolapse and so on. With the westernization of people 's lifestyle and dietary structure, the incidence of benign anorectal diseases has gradually increased, and the treatment of moderate to severe benign anorectal diseases is still based on surgery. Finite element method (FEM) is a research hotspot in the field of mechanics in recent years and has been widely used in the biomedical field. Scholars at home and abroad have introduced it into the study of pelvic floor diseases. By constructing a finite element model of pelvic floor structure and simulating the pelvic floor tissue stress under various physiological states, they try to elucidate the pathogenesis of pelvic floor diseases, which is of great significance for improving surgical methods, reducing postoperative recurrence and reducing postoperative complications. In this paper, we search the relevant literature reports in recent years, summarize the research progress of finite element method in benign anorectal diseases, and analyze and elaborate its advantages, limitations and future optimization directions in order to provide a reference for the basic research of benign anorectal diseases in the direction of medical workers.